382 DE. C. S. DTI KICHE PRELLEB ON FLTJVIO-GLACIAI [Aug. 1 895, 



The complement of this section is found opposite Glutsch, on the 

 right bank of the Kander, near Erlenfeld (17, fig. 9), and is composed 

 as follows : — 



Gravel-conglomerate 10 feet. 



Moraine 10 „ 



Boulder-clay 2 „ 



Eauchwacke and gypsum. 



The lowest boulder-clay and moraine contain, besides gneiss and 

 protogine or granite-blocks from the Aare area, a few re-transported 

 boulders of Gasteren granite and mica-gneiss of the Kander area, 

 while the coarse conglomerate in both sections only contains pebbles 

 derived from the Aare, and the same applies to the boulders of the 

 second moraine. The slaty lignite-band is simply compressed peat, 

 and precisely similar to the lignite-seams near Uznach and St. Gall 

 already described. In the upper gravel and third moraine the 

 pebbles and boulders are entirely composed of the various limestones 

 and sandstones of the Kander and Simme valleys, as well as of the 

 Gasteren granite and Tavayanaz sandstone of the Upper Kander. 

 By combining the two sections, we have therefore three distinct 

 alternations of moraine-deposit, and hence clear evidence of three 

 successive glaciations. 



Dr. Zollinger avers that the coarse gravel-conglomerates of the 

 two last-named sections are fluvio-glacial products of the second 

 glaciation, whilst the conglomerates of Hondrich and in the railway- 

 cutting, as well as those in the ravine near Glutsch, and of the old 

 Kander tunnel, are in his opinion contemporaneous with the lignite- 

 band — that, is, belong to the second interglacial period. 



But these conclusions appear untenable for the following 

 reasons : — 



(1 ). Because the upper gravel of the joint Kander and Simme, 

 underlying the third or uppermost moraine, and deposited during 

 the same interglacial period as the lignite-band, is indisputably 

 much younger than the various conglomerates deposited, as has been 

 shown, by the two rivers during their earlier, separate flow into the 

 lake area. 



(2). Because the difference between these conglomerates and the 

 coarse conglomerate of the Aare, underlying the second moraine in 

 the Glutsch Valley, is only one of petrological composition of the 

 pebbles, while in all other respects they all constitute a genuine 

 Nagelfluh and, as such, must be regarded as of the same age as the 

 Nagelfluh of the Uetliberg and the Lorze Valley. 



These conclusions are, moreover, confirmed by Bachmann, who 

 considered the conglomerates of the Kander district as much older 

 than the deposits of the two Pleistocene glaciations which were 

 then held to constitute the Ice Age in the Alps. 



