494 GEOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE NORWAY COAST. [Aug. 1895, 



34. Ice-plotjgh Furrows of a Glacial Period. 

 By W. S. GsESLEr, Esq., F.G.S. (Read April 3rd, 1895.) 



[Abstract.] 



The furrows described in the paper occur in the Coal-Measures 

 of North-western Leicestershire. The Author considers that they 

 were formed about the time of the Glacial Period by floating ice. 



35. Geological Notes of a Journey round the Coast of Norway 

 and into Northern Russia. By G. S. Boulger, Esq., F.L.S., 

 E.G.S. (Read May 22nd, 1895.) 



[Abstract.] 



The Author accompanied the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expe- 

 dition as far as Archangel, and returned by way of the River Dvina. 

 His observations relate mainly to four points : — the origin of the 

 foliation of the Norwegian gneiss ; the question of raised beaches on 

 the North-western coast of Norway; the boulders and boulder- 

 formation of Northern Russia ; and the Trias of the Dvina valley. 



Between Christiansund and Tromso the Author was struck with 

 the wide-sweeping folds of the foliation-planes of the gneissose 

 rocks, which appeared to him more readily explicable on a theory 

 of dynamo-metamorphism of rocks originally in part igneous, than 

 by any process of diagenesis. He notes that the terraces observed in 

 the transverse fjords would be perfectly explained by the formation 

 of ice-dammed lakes, though the terraces of the Gulf of Onega 

 seemed less dubious raised beaches than those of the North-west of 

 Norway. He confirms the views of previous writers that many of 

 the boulders of the boulder-formation of Northern Russia are of 

 Scandinavian origin. The beds on the Dvina consist of sands and 

 loams, often coloured red, with bands of alabaster and anhydrite. 

 The strata are horizontal or inclined at a low angle. North of 

 Ustyug Veliki the strata are marked as Permian on the Russian 

 maps, and those to the south as Trias, but the Author saw no per- 

 ceptible break in the succession. 



Discussion. 



Col. Feilden remarked that, so far as his experience went, raised 

 beaches and other proofs of secular elevation of the coasts of 

 Northern Norway were a striking feature, and he felt surprised how 

 they could be overlooked. 



Prof. Bonney asked whether the Author had carefully collected 

 and studied specimens, for he doubted, in so difficult a problem, the 

 value of observations founded on superficial inspection. Also he failed 



