498 SIR H. H. HOWORTH ON THE SHINGLE-BEDS [Aug. 1 895, 



himself. Thus he says, ' We have evidence, however, of a similar 

 southern drift in the presence of chert from the Lower Greensand, 

 and quartz, quartzites, and other such specimens either from the 

 Ardennes or the Rhenish provinces, at the base of the Red Crag.' 1 

 And he elsewhere tells us how in a pit at Trimley, near Felixstowe, 

 he had himself found ' subangular fragments of Lower Greensand 

 chert, a large fragment of red granite, and fragments and pebbles of 

 siliceous sandstones.' 2 He elsewhere says that this siliceous sand- 

 stone is what he afterwards called ' quartzite/ Again, he says (in 

 his ' Geology ') ' The basement-bed of the Red Crag contains large 

 quartzite-pebbles, fragments of Lower Greensand chert, etc' 



We need not, therefore, go to Belgium or very far away to explain 

 the Westleton Shingle. Those ingredients in it which have been 

 referred to a far-travelled or foreign origin are, in fact, found readily 

 available in the Red Crag of East Suffolk. 



This conclusion leads us to another. The shingle which we are 

 discussing contains shells in certain places. These shells have 

 never been found in the corresponding beds inland, and only occur 

 in certain localities in the eastern parts of East Anglia. Upon this 

 every one is agreed. As Prof. Prestwich says, ' they are found only 

 in that part of the beds found on the seaboard of the Eastern 

 Counties.' Thus they occur, as every one knows, at and near 

 Southwold, at Henham, and in the Bure "Valley. 



I venture to propound a heresy in regard to these shells. There 

 have been few more suggestive and important conclusions arrived 

 at in recent years than that which was first suggested by, I believe, 

 Mr. Horace Woodward, and in which Mr. Clement Reid concurs, 

 that all the shells in the so-called s Glacial Beds ' of East Anglia 

 are derivative and are not in situ. I believe the same thing to be 

 absolutely true of these shingle-beds. Where I have seen shells in 

 connexion with them they have always seemed to me to have been 

 directly derived from the Crag. They are either contained in pockets 

 of Crag sand or in close contact with Crag-beds, and, as is well 

 known, the species of shells found in these beds are all Crag shells. 

 Mr. Whitaker has described 24 species from this shingle in his ex- 

 cellent memoir on the Southwold Shingle, every one of which is 

 derived from the Crag. Similarly, in the Bure Yalley, the shells found 

 in the sands which occur with the shingle are identical with those 

 in the Weybourn Sands, another Crag deposit. 



The view here maintained has, in fact, been hinted at by 

 Prof. Prestwich, although he has not definitely adopted it. Thus he 

 says, ' I am not quite satisfied that these shells, or at least all of 

 them, belong to the Westleton Beds.' At Henham casts and impres- 

 sions of shells were found in an iron-concreted portion of the shingle, 

 while at the bottom of the pit actual shells were found. At South- 

 wold the shells occurred in a lenticular mass, 6 inches thick and 

 about 5 feet deep, in a cutting 7 feet in depth, and in another small 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvi. (1890) p. 114, note. 



2 Ibid. vol. xxvii. (1871) p. 326, 



