508 MR. E. T. NEWTON ON FOSSIL HUMAN REMAINS [Aug. 1 895, 



The circumference of the cranium is 540 millim., and its length, 

 measured from the ophrion to the farthest point of the occipital 

 prominence, is 8 inches or 203 millim. The breadth cannot be 

 certainly measured, as the left side is wanting in the lower parietal 

 region, where, as the right side shows, the greatest width of the 

 skull is situated. After several attempts to take this measurement, 

 and making due allowance for missing parts, Dr. Garson and I came 

 to the conclusion that the breadth could not have been more than 

 132 millim., and was probably not less than 128 millim. (medium 

 130 ?) ; the breadth-index is, therefore, as nearly as can be measured 

 64 (?), the skull being extremely dolichocephalic, as indeed is obvious 

 from a general inspection. It may be thought that the skull has 

 undergone lateral compression ; but, if this were so, an extension 

 would have taken place in the direction of its height, and this is 

 found not to be the case. The basion being absent, the exact height 

 cannot be measured, but as the hinder margin of the foramen 

 magnum is preserved, this has been taken as a fixed point ; and by 

 comparing, in other skulls, the relation between the bregmatic height 

 and the height above the hinder margin of the foramen, a proportion 

 between these two measurements has been obtained, which, being 

 used in the present instance, gives approximatively a height of about 

 137 millim. for this Galley Hill skull, and consequently a height- 

 index of about *674. The front als are narrow immediately behind 

 the maxillary process, and could not have measured much more 

 than 100 millim. when perfect. 



Lower Jaw. — The right half of the mandible is preserved, but not 

 in a very perfect condition; the angle and articular process are 

 wanting, having apparently been dissolved. The entire surface of 

 the bone is also much denuded, and so much of the ascending ramus 

 as is preserved is very thin. Even the fangs of the teeth have been 

 partially dissolved, the enamel now standing out prominently from 

 the necks, especially on the inner aspect. The chin is still mode- 

 rately prominent, although its extremity has been broken away. 

 The alveoli for the incisors are broken down, and the deepest part 

 of the ramus in its present condition is below the interval between 

 the two premolar teeth, where it measures 31 millim. Below the 

 hindermost molar the depth of the ramus is 25 millim. Just below 

 the hinder premolar there is a large vascular foramen about 10 

 millim. from the lower margin. 



The symphysial portion of the jaw is preserved, but the incisors 

 and canines are wanting. On each side of the symphysis the alveolar 

 border is broken ; but while portions of the alveoli for the two outer 

 incisors are preserved, there are no traces of the alveoli for the two 

 median incisors, which must have been either very short or else lost 

 during life, and the alveoli filled up by bone. 



The alveolus for the right canine is larger than that for the first 



premolar, and its extreme depth from the inner margin is 14 millim. 



The first premolar has a higher crown than the second, but is 



otherwise a little smaller. The first true molar is just a trifle larger 



than the second, as will be seen by reference to the table of measure- 



