Vol. 51.] FROM PALEOLITHIC GRAVELS IN KENT. 511 



and preserved in the British Museum (Natural History), is not 

 certainly of Palaeolithic age. The human remains which have the 

 hest claim to a Palaeolithic origin have been found on the continent 

 of Europe, and will be noticed farther on. 



The Neolithic remains of this country have been studied by many 

 competent workers. Dr. Thurnam, 1 in his elaborate papers on the 

 ' Two Principal Forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls,' 

 refers all the primary interments of the Long Barrows to the 

 Neolithic period. The skulls of this race are said to be long, oval, 

 or dolichocephalic, haviug a breadth -index varying from -65 to *75 ; 

 the sutures have a tendency to become obliterated. The supra- 

 ciliary ridges are not strongly marked, and none of the features 

 have an extreme development. The face is orthognathic, and the 

 upper and lower jaws are comparatively small. The average height 

 of these Long Barrow people, as deduced from their femora, is about 

 5 feet 5-4 inches. Many of the tibiae are platycnemic. 



The skeletons of the Bound Barrows are referred by Dr. Thurnam 

 to the Bronze period ; they have short or brachiocephalic skulls, 

 with a breadth-index varying from -74 to '89 ; the supraciliary 

 ridges are large, the jaws are big and prognathic ; indeed all the 

 features were strongly marked, and the average height was about 

 5 feet 8-4 inches. These deductions, made by Dr. Thurnam, seem 

 to have been confirmed by subsequent writers. 



To the Neolithic race Prof. Boyd Dawkins 2 refers the skeletons 

 from Perthi Chwareu, which were described by Prof. Busk. 3 The 

 breadth-index of these skulls is much higher than in the Long 

 Barrow types, ranging from -72 to *78 ; but seeing that in all other 

 respects both the skulls and limb-bones are said to agree with the 

 Neolithic forms, as described by Dr. Thurnam, they are believed to 

 belong to the same race. 



The Galley Hill skull resembles the Long Barrow forms in being 

 dolichocephalic, and its closest agreement is with the longest 

 skulls of the race. The synostosis of the sutures is another point 

 of resemblance, as is also the comparatively small size of the jaw 

 and the projection of the chin, in which particulars our present 

 specimen differs so markedly from the heavy jaw and receding chin 

 of the Spy skeleton, to be presently noticed. The low stature of 

 the entire skeleton (5 feet 1 inch), as deduced from the size of the 

 femur, is also in agreement with the Long Barrow forms, but in this 

 particular there is an equally close resemblance to the Spy race. 

 The uniform size of the three molar teeth and the manner in which 

 the crowns are worn to a level surface are peculiarities found in 

 some at least of the Long Barrow men. On the other hand, the 

 strong development of the supraciliary ridges, and probably the 

 prognathic features, are very important characters, in which the 

 Galley Hill skull differs markedly from the Neolithic race. 



1 Mem. Anthrop. Soc. vols, i., ii., iii. (1865-70). 



2 ' Cave Hunting,' London, 1874, p. 197. 



3 Journ. Ethn. Soc. 1871, reprinted in Boyd Dawkins's ' Cave Hunting,' p. 166. 

 Q. J. G. S. No. 203. 2 v 



