Vol. 51.] FROM PALEOLITHIC GRAVELS IN KENT. 513 



and in the other about # 74 : that of the Neanderthal skull being 

 about '73. The occipital region in both specimens projects con- 

 siderably, and in this particular they are not unlike the Long 

 Barrow (Neolithic) skulls. 



The Galley Hill skull resembles those from Spy in the possession 

 of prominent supraciliary ridges and a projecting occipital bone; 

 but its frontal region is fuller and more nearly of the normal type. 

 When seen from above it is more parallel- sided and presents none 

 of the inflation of the parietal region which is so marked in both 

 the Spy and Neanderthal skulls ; and it is this which results in 

 the much lower breadth-index ("64 ?) of the Galley Hill cranium. 

 Although this skull is somewhat narrower behind the orbits (100 

 millim.) than either of the Spy skulls (104-106 millim.), yet it has 

 nothing like the same lateral projection of the orbits. 



The lower jaw from Spy is remarkable for the depth of the 

 horizontal ramus and for its vertical, or slightly receding, chin. 

 The lower jaw from Galley Hill is comparatively small and has a 

 projecting chin. In both specimens the teeth are worn to a nearly 

 level surface, and the measurements of the three molar teeth are 

 very nearly the same. The hindermost true molar of the Galley 

 Hill jaw seems to have been as large as the first true molar; in the 

 Spy specimen the corresponding last molar is one millimetre wider 

 and thicker than either molar 1 or molar 2. 



The femur of the Spy man, as described and figured, is robust 

 and thick, with large articular extremities ; the shaft is much curved 

 forward, round in section, and has only a slightly prominent linea 

 aspera. The neck forms a less obtuse angle with the shaft than is 

 usually the case, and is twisted more forwards. The distal condyles 

 extend abnormally forwards and backwards, and the inner one is so 

 much longer than the outer as to indicate an unusual obliquity of 

 the entire bone. The length of the Galley Hill femur is about the 

 same as that of the Spy specimen, and its large proximal articular 

 head is very similar, but in all other particulars it will be seen that 

 the two bones are very different. 



The Spy tibia is short and robust. The transverse section of the 

 shaft is ovoid, and the angles are rounded ; the hinder surface is 

 particularly convex, and the interosseous ridge is placed far forwards. 

 The transverse section of the Galley Hill tibia presents quite a 

 different outline, for although the long and short diameters are very 

 nearly the same in the two specimens, yet in this the interosseous 

 ridge is farther back, the angles are sharp, and the hinder surface is 

 flatter than in the Spy tibia. 



The human skeletons from the cave of Cro-Magnon 1 belonged to 

 a tall race, one skeleton indicating a man 5 feet 11 inches in height. 

 The skull of this individual is dolichocephalic, with a breadth-index 

 of -73. The femur is strongly carinate, and the tibia excessively 

 platycnemic. All these characters are unlike those presented by 

 the Galley Hill skeleton. 



1 ' Reliquiae Aquitanicse,' p. 66 ; Boyd Dawkins, ' Cave Hunting.' p. 249. 



2n2 



