514 MR. E. T. NEWTON ON FOSSIL HUMAN REMAINS [Aug. 1 89 5, 



The large skeletons from the Mentone Caves are said by M. E. 

 Riviere ' to possess the greater part of the characters of the Cro- 

 Magnon race. 



The Engis skull, originally described by Schmerling, was after- 

 wards noticed and figured by Prof. Busk ' 2 and then by Sir C. Lyell 3 

 and Prof. Huxley. 4 It is described as dolichocephalic, with a 

 breadth-index of '70, and in this respect seems to approach the 

 Galley Hill skull, but the two figures given by Prof. Busk do not 

 at all resemble our specimen. 



The dolichocephalic skulls of the primitive Basques, which were 

 described by M. Broca, 5 were afterwards shown by Dr. Thurnam 6 

 to be very similar to those from the Long Barrows, and he believed 

 them to belong to the same early race of men, the Neolithic. Prof, 

 BoydDawkins holds the same opinion, the skulls from Perthi Chwareu 

 being particularly like these ancient Basques. An examination of 

 the skulls of this race preserved in the Museum of the Royal College 

 of Surgeons shows that they are inflated in the parietal region, and 

 in none of tbem does the breadth- or height-index fall so low as in 

 the Galley Hill cranium. 



3. Living Races of Men. 



Among the races of Man now living there are several possessing 

 dolichocephalic skulls, which it will be well to notice. The measure- 

 ments and other particulars alluded to below are for the most part 

 derived from Sir "William Flower's T descriptions, but a number of 

 the specimens in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons 

 have also been compared, and for this privilege I am indebted to 

 the kindness of the present curator, Prof. Charles Stewart. 



The skulls of the Eskimo are long (169-201 millim.) and narrow 

 (125-145 millim.), but none are so laterally flattened in the parietal 

 region as the Galley Hill cranium, and there is an entire absence 

 in them of the thickened supraciliary ridges ; moreover, the character- 

 istic flat face, caused by the forward projection of the cheek-bones 

 and outer margins of the orbits, is unlike the Galley Hill skull, so 

 far as one can judge from the broken portions of the orbit which 

 are preserved. The measurements of the last-named specimen 

 nearly all fall within the extreme dimensions of the Eskimo, in 

 which race, however, the breadth-index varies from '66 to -78 and 

 the height-index from -69 to '79. 



The teeth in one Eskimo skull are as nearly as possible like those 

 preserved in the Galley Hill specimen ; but in another example the 

 hindermost lower molar is smaller than the others. The Eskimo 

 femur is very similar to that from Galley Hill, being flattened from 



1 Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. cxiv. (1892) p. 567. 



2 Nat. Hist. Rev. vol. i. (1861) p. 155. 



3 ' Antiquity of Man,' 1863, p. 79. 4 Ibid. p. 80. 



5 Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, vol. iii. (1862) p. 579. 



6 Mem. Anthrop. Soc. vol. i. (1863) p. 120, & vol. iii. (1867) p. 41. 



7 Catal. Mus. Roy. Coll. Surg, part i. 1879. 



