Vol. 51.] PKOM PALEOLITHIC GRA.VELS IN KENT. 517 



this race with the Long Barrow type of England and the ' cumbe- 

 cephalic ' inhabitants of Scotland. The Professor also sees a similarity 

 between these, the Scandinavian and the Eskimo types ; moreover 

 he agrees with Dr. Thurnam in recognizing a relationship with the 

 ancient Basques. Further than this, he traces in the Australian of 

 the present day the same type, and thinks that the famous Neander- 

 thal cranium is more nearly approached by the Australian skull 

 than by any other. 



Attention has already been directed to the similarities between the 

 Galley Hill skull and those of the Eskimo, as well as to its resem- 

 blance to those of the several dolichocephalic races of the south. 

 In each of these races, however, there are important differences 

 which prevent our specimen from being referred to any one of them. 

 If I am well-advised in supposing that the Galley Hill skull may be 

 nearly related to the Borris skull, and this represents, as Prof. Huxley 

 thinks, the most ancient race known in Ireland and an extreme form 

 of the Long Barrow type of England, then the Galley Hill skull 

 would be a still more extreme form of this same race, which is 

 generally regarded as Neolithic. But may it not be that the Borris 

 and Galley Hill skulls really represent a still earlier type of man, 

 differing from the Neolithic race in the stronger development of the 

 supraciliary ridges, in the more receding forehead, and in the flat- 

 tening of the underpart of the occiput ? 



It may be objected that we already know the earlier or Palaeolithic 

 race, as represented by the Spy and Neanderthal remains ; but, 

 although this may be true for the European continent, it may not 

 be so for Groat Britain or Ireland. Hitherto we have not known 

 any of the physical characteristics of the race which made the 

 Palaeolithic implements found in Britain. It has been supposed by 

 some writers that there is no real break between the Palaeolithic and 

 Neolithic races, but that a gradual change in the type of implements 

 may be traced, indicating a gradual development of the race that 

 made them. If this be the case, then it might be that the Neolithic 

 people descended from a Palaeolithic race, represented by the Galley 

 Hill and Borris skulls ; having in the meantime developed higher 

 crania, a fuller frontal, and rounder occipitals, at the same time losing 

 the strong supraciliary ridges. 



Prof. Boyd Dawkins, however, thinks that the Palaeolithic is a 

 distinct race from the Neolithic, as their different modes of life and 

 artistic talents seem to indicate, and further believes that the Eskimos 

 are descended from the former race. If this be correct, and if the 

 Galley Hill man represent the Palaeolithic race, then the Eskimos 

 have lost the strong supraciliary ridges and developed their character- 

 istically broad and anteriorly directed malar bones. 



It must be allowed that the characters presented by the Galley 

 Hill remains are not such as will permit of any very definite con- 

 clusions being drawn as to the precise race to which they may have 

 belonged. 



