Yol. 51.] FROM PALEOLITHIC GRAVELS IK KENT. 521 



and Swanscombe as high terrace-gravel ; and that at Galley Hill is 

 continuous with the gravel at the latter locality. 



Prof. Prestwich mentions the gravel at Milton Street, which 

 joins that at Swanscombe, as ' the high-level river-drift of the 

 Thames Valley ' ; and says, ' It contains flint-implements of a 

 distinct and more advanced type than those of Ash and Westyoke 

 [plateau gravels], while at a lower level still are brick-earths and 

 gravel with extinct mammalian remains and implements of a yet 

 later period.' l 



The flint-implements found in this gravel at Galley Hill (p. 505) 

 are similar to those from the pits at Swanscombe and Milton Street, 

 and are of acknowledged Palaeolithic type ; most of them are pointed 

 and well worked, some being worked over the whole surface, 

 including the rounded end, while others have part of the base 

 unworked and still showing the natural surface of the flint. Mr. 

 Elliott has obtained several types of implements from this pit ; 

 namely, tongue- or spear-shaped forms, ovoid implements, hand 

 hatchets, chipping tools, drills or borers, and flakes of various kinds. 

 Many, if not most, of these implements have the edges sharp and 

 almost unworn, showing that they have undergone but little rolling. 

 There are also many rude flakes and roughly-chipped flints in this 

 gravel, the human origin of which might be doubted if they were 

 found alone ; and occasionally deeply-stained primitive forms are 

 met with, similar to those found by Mr. B. Harrison on the high 

 plateau near Ightham. Several roughly-chipped flints and two 

 very perfect implements were found by us on our recent visits to 

 the pit. (See fig. 2, p. 523.) 



So far as I have been able to ascertain, no mammalian remains 

 have hitherto been obtained at Galley Hill itself; but Mr. Prank 

 Corner possesses a Hippopotamus-tusk found at Milton Street by 

 Mr. "W. H. Smith, of Canning Town, who says that the tooth was 

 obtained in 1889 at about 6 feet from the surface, in the brick-earth 

 which overlaps the coarser gravel. Mr. Elliott has a deer's antler 

 from the same place and some unrolled footbones of Felis leo from 

 brick-earth, occupying a similar position at a high level, in a pit 

 near Swanscombe. 



Mr. P. C. J. Spurrell, of Belvedere, has found ElepTias primiyenius, 

 Rhinoceros sp., Bos, Equus, and Cervus in the small patch of gravel 

 near Northfleet Station ; also these same species in the similar 

 terrace-gravel at Dartford Brent, west of the City Asylum, besides 

 other remains at intermediate localities. Mr. Spurrell's specimens 

 were all found at the base of the gravel near the Chalk, and were in 

 a much decayed condition. Speaking of the last-named locality, 

 Mr. Spurrell says (in lit.) : — ' The lower layers still contained a large 

 quantity of fine chalk, besides which the sand there had a large 

 quantity of Woolwich-bed shells washed out clean ; together these 

 helped to protect the more recent shells from complete dissolution, 

 and to preserve the only freshwater shells that I have seen in this 



1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlvii. (1891) p. 129. 



