ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT, xlix 
After much search, however, I think that such a case is to be 
made out in favour of the pedigree of the Horses. 
The genus Zquus is represented as far back as the latter part of 
the Miocene epoch; but in deposits belonging to the middle of that 
epoch its place is taken by two other genera, Hipparion and Anchi- 
thervwm*; and in the lowest Miocene and upper Eocene only the 
last genus occurs. A species of Anchitherium was referred by 
Cuvier to the Palwotheria under the name of P. aurelianense. The 
grinding-teeth are in fact very similar in shape and in pattern, 
and in the absence of any thick layer of cement, to those of some 
species of Pulcotheriwm, especially Cuvier’s Paleotherium minus, 
which has been formed into a separate genus, Plagiolophus, by 
Pomel. But in the fact that there are only six full-sized grinders 
in the lower jaw, the first premolar being very small, that the 
anterior grinders are as large as or rather larger than the posterior 
ones, that the second premolar has an anterior prolongation, and 
that the posterior molar of the lower jaw has, as Cuvier pointed 
out, a posterior lobe of much smaller size and different form, the 
dentition of Anchitherium departs from the type of the Palwothe- 
rium, and approaches that of the Horse. 
Again, the skeleton of Anchitherium is extremely equine. M. 
Christol goes so far as to say that the description of the bones of 
the horse, or the ass, current in veterinary works, would fit those of 
Anchitherium. And, in a general way, this may be true enough; but 
there are some most important differences, which, indeed, are justly 
indicated by the same careful observer. Thus the ulna is complete 
throughout, and its shaft is not a mere rudiment, fused into one 
bone with the radius. There are three toes, one large in the middle 
and one small on each side. The femur is quite like that of a 
horse, and has the characteristic fossa above the external condyle. 
In the British Museum there is a most instructive specimen of the 
leg-bones, showing that the fibula was represented by the external 
malleolus and by a flat tongue of bone, which extends up from it 
on the outer side of the tibia, and is closely anchylosed with the 
latter boner. The hind toes are three, like those of the fore leg ; 
and the middle metatarsal bone is much less compressed from side 
to side than that of the horse. 
In the Hipparion the teeth nearly resemble those of the Horses, 
though the crowns of the grinders are not so long; like those of the 
* Hermann von Meyer gave the name of Anchitherium to A. Ezquerre; and 
in his paper on the subject he takes great pains to distinguish the latter as the 
type of a new genus, from Cuvier’s Paleotheriuwm d’ Orleans. But it is precisely 
the Palzotherium d’ Orleans which is the type of Christol’s genus Hipparitherium ; 
and thus, though Hipparitherium is of later date than Anchitheriwm, it seemed 
tome to have a sort of equitable right to recognition when this address was 
written. On the whole, however, it seems most convenient to adopt Anchi- 
therium. 
t I am indebted to Mr. Gervais for a specimen which indicates that the fibula 
was complete, at any rate in some cases; and for a very interesting ramus of a 
mandible, which shows that, as in the Palzotheria, the hindermost milk-molar 
of the lower jaw was devoid of the posterior lobe which exists in the hindermost 
true molar. 
