1869. ] HUXLEY—DINOSAURIA AND BIRDS. 25 
features were the great number and elongation of the vertebree of 
the neck, and the very light construction of the arches and other 
bones of the head. 
«“ He thought the Penguin, with its separated metatarsals, formed 
an approach on the side of the birds; but whether the closest ap- 
proximation to the Symphypoda should be looked for here or among 
the long-tailed Ratitee (Ostrich, &e,) he was unable to indicate.” 
The ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Natural History Society’ for June 
18th, 1869, state that Prof. Cope “‘ gave an account of the discovery 
by Dr. Samuel Lockwood, of Keyport, of a fragment of a large Dino- 
saur, in the clay which immediately underlies the clay-marls 
below the Lower Greensand bed in Monmouth County, New Jersey. 
The fossil represented the extremities of the tibia and fibula, with 
astragalo-calcaneum ankylosed to the former, in length about six- 
teen inches, distal width fourteen. The confluence of the first se- 
ries of tarsal bones with each other and with the tibia he regarded 
as a most interesting peculiarity, and one only met with elsewhere 
in the reptile Compsognathus and in birds. He therefore referred 
the animal to the order Symphopoda, near to Compsognathus, Wag- 
ner. The extremity of the fibula was free from, and received into 
a cavity of the astragalo-caleaneum, and demonstrated what the 
speaker had already asserted, that the fibula of Zqwanodon and 
Hadrosaurus had been inverted by their describers. ‘The medullary 
cavity was filled with open cancellous tissue. The species, which 
was one half larger than the type-specimen of Hadrosawrus Poulkia, 
he named Ornithotarsus immanis.” 
It is very satisfactory to me to find that so able an anatomist as 
Prof. Cope should have been led by the force of facts to arrive, si- 
multaneously with myself, at conclusions so similar in their general 
character with my own. It will be observed, however, that we 
differ a good deal in details. For example, it appeared to me that it 
was more probable that the so-called “ clavicles” of the Dinosauria 
were ischia, rather than pubes; and in my diagrammatic restora- 
tion of Jguanodon, they are directed backwards in a manner ap- 
proaching that in which the ischia of Birds are disposed, rather 
than in Crocodilian fashion, forwards, as Prof. Cope supposes. Prof. 
Cope does not allude to the strongly ornithic characters of the 
ilium and of the proximal ends of the tibia and fibula. In describing 
the astragalus of Lalaps, Prof. Cope states that ‘“‘one other ex- 
ample only of this structure is known in the Vertebrata,” referring 
to Cuvier’s Honfleur reptile; but, as I shall show immediately, the 
astragalus is altogether similar in the commonest Birds, and probably 
in the whole class Aves. 
Prof. Cope states that the fibule of the Dinosauwria have been 
turned upside down by the describers of Jgywanodon and Hadro- 
saurus. Iam quite aware that the fibule of the former reptile have 
been figured the right way up by the artist and carefully inverted 
in the text by the describer ; but if Prof. Cope will refer to my 
lecture, published in the ‘ Popular Science Review,’ he will see that 
