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1870. ] WILSON——RUGRY SURPACE-DEPOSIgS. 195 
in the Ballast-pits. The cliff to the west exposes a fine section of 
the prevailing flinty drift overlying this sand. The edge of a terrace 
visible there is the same steep slope of Lias that was spoken of above. 
Masses of clay still lie about the ballast-pits. These formerly overlay 
the sand in detached spots. They are re-formations of Lias containing 
pebbles of lias, oolite, and chalk, with many flints and much quartzite ; 
some of the pebbles are striated. ‘There was one heap of clay, a 
yard or so across, which yielded totally different specimens, and 
perplexed me much. I found afterwards that it had been brought 
for some reason from beyond Blisworth. 
The sand here frequently exhibits diagonal stratification ; 1t con- 
tains small pebbles of flint, oolite, chalk, quartzite, and rolled Lias 
fossils. I have been informed that Mr. Searles Wood found Ostrea 
edulis here. Many of my pupils and I have spent hours here; and 
no shells or bones have ever been discovered by us, or noticed by 
any workmen, as far as I can ascertain. 
From Liugby to Lowmorton there is generally 13 feet of gravel 
lying on clayey sand. Towards the northern edge of the plateau the 
eravel thins out ; and here a cutting of the London and North-western 
offers a magnificent section of the clays below the gravel and sand. 
The cutting is 50 feet in depth, and exposes a re-formation of Lias 
elay containing scratched stones. JI have met with well-striated 
blocks of liassic limestone, of chalk, and flint. The clay is wholly 
unstratified, very soft and wet. The whole depth, except a few feet 
of grayel and sand at the top, appears to be of the same nature. 
The deposit disappears before we come to the station, which rests 
on lias. Higher up the slope of the hill is found a bed of sand 
which rests on the Lias, and extends up to the gas-works, where the 
gravel begins. 
We now come to fugby itself, which is on an arm of the plateau 
at first described. It illustrates very well the singular varieties in 
the distribution of the sand and gravel. Along the Hillmorton road 
is gravel, varying in depth from 7 to 13 feet, generally mixed with 
sand. ‘The School-close is of the same nature ; so also is the eastern 
side of the town down to the George Hotel, where, however, the 
gravel is thin, and water is obtained from a well 60 feet deep, 
reaching the rock. In the slope towards the station the gravel 
becomes thinner. Towards the west of the town we find sand. 
Billington’s is on sand 23 feet thick, St. Matthew’s church on sand 
20 feet thick; by the side of the road to Newbold the hill is capped 
with deep sands, the lower part of which is saturated with water. 
Generally on the south of the Bilton road there is sand; but at several 
houses on the north there are gravel and clay. There are many 
curious varieties in the town within a few yards of one another. 
Continuing on the edge of the plateau we mect with a send-pit on the 
way to Newbold (fig.1). Much of the sandis now removed. There 
used to be exposed a face of sand of precisely the same character as 
that at Hillmorton—sugary, dirty, stratified partially, containing few 
(if any) pebbles, and marked with a few black seams. It was covered 
with a foot or two of the usual. flinty drift. Lower down the slope 
