238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 
covered up; these are accompanied by Naticw and Modiole, which, 
though from the Upper Maranoa district, clearly connect them with 
the Wollumbilla fauna); and, thirdly, the large phragmacone 6 inches 
in length, in a matrix of dark-drab or olive limestone, from Wollum- 
billa, whence also are two small specimens which I succeeded in 
opening up in a very much water-worn block, with many Avicule 
&e.: these, Professor Phillips thinks, may possibly be young examples 
of the larger form, which he considers to approach B. pawillesus, a 
species ranging from the Middle Lias upwards. Regarding the 
other species, Professor Phillips remarks that they have stronger 
analogies with the Upper Oolitic forms than with any other. There 
is some analogy to the Speeton Belemnites, but scarcely any to the 
Neocomian species of the South of Europe. Professor Phillips’s 
notes on the species will be given hereafter (see p. 258). 
Vertebrata.—Numerous fragments of fish-teeth and scales, and a 
portion of a small vertebra, occur in the Wollumbilla blocks. They 
probably belong to Hybodus and Lepidotus. They are accompanied 
by some small, depressed, spine-like bodies, which Professor M‘Coy 
supposed might be the hooks of Cephalopoda; but these are horny, 
whilst the former are enamelled, and they are, L have no doubt, of 
Ichthyic origin. 
Résumé.—For reasons already given, there seems to be no ground 
for doubting that all the organic remains from Western Australia 
and Queensland noticed in this paper have been obtained from blocks 
scattered through superficial deposits derived from the denudation 
of preexisting secondary deposits. That this denudation must have 
taken place over a great extent of the Australian continent is shown 
by the wide separation of the districts from which these remains 
have been collected. 
It is very evident that all the Australian fossils which I have had 
under examination (except some plant- and insect-remains noticed in 
the following paper, see p. 261) are of true Mesozoic age, though the 
peculiar circumstances under which they are found necessarily render 
it very difficult to assign them to their precise geological horizons. 
Respecting the series from Shark’s Bay, the Greenough Flats, and 
the Greenough River, Western Australia, from the presence among 
them of Ammonites and other fossils which are the typical species of 
certain horizons in this country, there seems to be no doubt that they 
have been derived from the equivalents of our Middle Lias, Upper 
Lias, and Inferior Oolite. Some of them, such as Ostrea Marshit 
and Lima proboscidea, pass up in England into the Fuller’s-earth 
Oolite above; and it is remarkable that, though lithological condi- 
tions are not always a safe guide, in this instance the deposits also 
appear to be identical. 
The same satisfactory conclusions, however, are not to be arrived 
at respecting the series from Queensland, the evidence as to the age 
of which I now proceed to consider. 
The great majority of the Queensland fossils have been obtained 
from Wollumbilla, and come from the same geological formation. 
The blocks with the fine Pentacrinites australis, from the Amby 
