1370. | DUNCAN—AUSTRALIAN CORALS. 317 
period; and the physical conditions of such an area were never pre- 
sent during the deposition of the Madreporaria, Polyzoa, Echinoder- 
mata, and Mollusca, which have a facies characteristic of all the Kuro- 
pean marine tertiary deposits above the Nummulitic. They were 
subjected to frequent volcanic outbursts, which covered large areas 
with basalt and ash, and they were covered, after the general up- 
heaval of the centre of Australia, with lacustrine, dune-, river-, and 
torrent-deposits, whose depth testifies to the enormous denudation 
of the older rocks. The condition of the high land on the extreme 
east and west of Australia was probably that of dry land during 
the whole Cainozoic period ; and these districts bounded the terti- 
ary sea. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XIX-XXI. 
Prats XIX. 
Fig. 1 a, Caryophyllia viola, Dunean and Woods, x 2; | 4, calice, magnified ; 
1 c, coste. 
2a, Trochocyathus meridionalis, sp. n., X 2; 26, calice, magnified ; 2 c, 
coste. 
3a, Trochocyathus Victorie, sp. n., X 2; 346, ealice, magnified; 3c, 
costee. 
4a, Deltocyathus italicus, Hdw. & H., var. australiensis, calice, magnified ; 
4 b, base, magnified ; 4 ¢, costee, magnified. 
5 a, Sphenotrochus australis, Duncan, X 2; 5 0, calice, magnified. 
6 a, Sphenotrochus excisus, Duncan, X 2; 66, calice, magnified ; 6 c, por- 
tions of calicular margin, magnified, to show relative position of coste 
and septa. 
7 a, Conotrochus M‘Coyi, sp.n., X 2; 7, calice, magnified, 
8 a, Conotrochus typus, Segu., var. australiensis, X 2; 8 6, calice, mag- 
nified ; 8 ¢, epitheca, magnified. 
9, Plabellum gambirense, Duncan, X 2. 
10a, The same, x 2; 104, calice, magnified; 10 c, epitheca, magnified. 
11, Flabellum Vietorie, Duncan, x 2. 
Puare XX. 
Fig. la, Flabellum Candeanum, Edw. & H., nat. size; 1 4, calice, magnified ; 
1 ¢, base of corallum, magnified ; 1d, side view of a septum, magnified. 
2, Flabellum distinetum, Edw. & H. 
3 a, Placotrochus elongatus, Duncan, slightly enlarged ; 3, calice, mag- 
nified; 3c, peduncular extremity, magnified. 
4 a, Placotrochus deltoideus, Duncan, nat. size; 46, columella and septa, 
magnified. 
5, Conosmilia elegans, Duncan, enlarged. 
6, Amphihelia incrustans, sp. n., enlarged. 
7 a, Palgoseris Woodsi, Duncan, enlarged ; 7 b, septa, magnified, showing 
synapticule. 
8, Cycloseris tenuis, sp. nov. 
9a, Conosmilia striata, Duncan, enlarged; 90, calice, magnified; 9c, 
epitheca, magnified. 
10 a, Conosmilia anomala, Duncan, nat. size; 104, calice, magnified ; 
10 ¢, upper part, magnified, showing columella and endotheea. 
11 a, Conosmilia lituolus, sp. n., enlarged; 11 0, calice, magnified. 
12 a, Antillia lens, Duncan, septa, magnified; 12 , side view of septum. 
Puare XXI. 
Big. 1a, Balanophyllia campanulata, sp.n.; 1 6, part of alice, magnified ; 
1 ¢, cost, magnified. 
