1870. | JUDD-—NEOCOMIAN. 345 
Exopyra spiralis, Rom., var. Terebratula Puscheana, om. 
undata, Sow. Rhynchonella depressa, D’ Ord. 
Pecten cinctus, Sow. Thecidea tetragona, Rom. 
lineo-costatus, dm. Crania irregularis, Rdm. (C. hexagona, 
atavus, Rom. Rom.). 
Avicula Cornuelianus D’ Orb. (A. ma- | Toxaster complanatus (Gmel.), Ag. 
croptera, Rém.). Holaster Hardyi, Dud. 
Lima semicostata, Rom. Dysaster ovulum, Ag. 
Serpula Phillipsi, Rom. Pygurus Montmolini, 4g. 
unilineata, Rom. Nucleolites Olfersii, Aq. 
gordialis, Schloth. Gresslyi, Ag. 
angulosa, Rom. Pyrina pygza, Desor. 
antiquata, Sow. Holectypus macropygus, Desor. 
quinqueangulata, Rom. Diadema rotulare, Ag. 
Terebratula sella, Sow. —— Bourgueti, Ag. 
-—— Moutoniana, D’ Ord. Montlivaltia explanata, Hom., sp. 
faba, Sow. Cladophyllia nana, Hom., sp. 
tamarindus, Sow. Holoccenia micrantha, Rom. sp. 
—— hippopus, Rém. nec D' Orb. Thamnastreea Leunisi, 26m. sp. 
—— oblonga, Sow. ' Very numerous species of sponges*. 
M. von Strombeck considers that these Lower Neocomian beds of 
Brunswick are divisible into two zones (Zone of Towaster compla- 
natus, and Zone of Ammonites bidichotomus), the uppermost of which 
he parallels with the Marnes d’Hauterive of Switzerland, and the 
lower he doubtfully refers to M. Desor’s “ Valanginien”’ +. 
Throughout the whole of North-western Germany the Neocomian 
strata lie underneath a great mass of clays, including the Flammen- 
mergel and some other deposits, some of which locally pass into 
sands, the whole being over 300 feet thick.t These beds (in their 
upper portion, at least) are clearly seen by their fossils to represent 
our Gault; their lower portion may possibly represent some of the 
beds intermediate between the Gault and Neocomian, generally ab- 
sent inthis country. These clays are in turn overlain by the various 
beds of the chalk, which present many points of analogy with the 
equivalent beds in the north of England; this is especially seen 
in the presence of red beds in the lower part of the series, though 
these are of much greater thickness and importance in Germany 
than in this country. 
The strata next below the Neocomian of Westphalia, Hanover, 
and the Hartz consist of that great mass of fluviatile beds, in places 
reaching to a thickness of 2650 feet(?), and containing many 
* Vide Fr. Ad. Romer, “ Die Spongitarien des norddeutschen Kreidege- 
birges,” Paleontographica, vol. xiii. (1864). 
t+ The presence in considerable abundance of Pecten cinctus, Sow., in the 
Lower Neocomian of Brunswick is a very interesting circumstance. This shell 
appears generally to characterize well, by its constant presence and great abun- 
dance, the Middle Neocomian in Northern Europe, and to take the place of the 
Chama ammonia of the same beds in Southern Europe. In Brunswick and the 
south of France (in which last district, however, it appears to be rare) this shell 
oceurs in the Lower Neocomian. 
¢ The ved sandstones, containing Ammonites auritus, Sow., of Neuenheerse, 
_in the Teutoburger Wald, perhaps form a link between the Gault clays, with 
which they are associated, and the Hunstanton limestone, which, as we have 
seen, is last found in Heligoland. 
VOL, XXVI.—PART I. 2B 
