PSOne OWEN——CHINESE FOSSIL MAMMALS. 493, 
Hycena crocuta, and consequently still smaller than in Hyena sinensis. 
The difference of size, however, between H. sivalensis and H. crocuta 
is much less than that between H. crocuta and H. striata; conse- 
quently the Siwahk Hyena was larger than that now existing in 
Hindostan, although less than that which once roamed in China. 
In the shape of the chief cone, however, of p 3, upper jaw, H. 
swalensis more resembles H. sinensis than it does either of the above- 
named existing species of Hycna. I refer to the character of greater 
vertical convexity of the outer side of the crown of the chief cone. 
In the posterior talon and the antinternal ridge of enamel of p 3, 
H. sivalensis more closely conforms with the H. crocuta than does 
H, sinensis, and departs from the H. striata in a minor development 
of both posterior and anterior basal tubercles. The external basal 
cingulum is also wanting in H. sivalensis as in H. sinensis. The 
degree in which the Chinese Hycna surpassed in size that from the 
Red Crag of Suffolk will be appreciated by comparing fig. 5, Pl. 
XXVIII., with fig. Gin pl. viii. of Ray Lankester’s able memoir on 
Hycena antiqua, in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ 
third series, vol. xiii. 
Differences of like kind and value are shown by the second lower 
premolar (p 3 of the type series) of Hy@na sinensis, as compared 
with H. crocuta, H. striata, and H. sivalensis. The crown is broader 
both antero-posteriorly and transversely, but is lower vertically, 
than in H. crocuta; it is consequently a stronger cone: its qualities 
for cracking and crushing bone are intensified. The ridge continued 
upward from the anterior basal talon is stronger than in H. crocuta; 
it is more completely an upward production of the talon itself; and 
this is less defined as an anterior tubercle than in H. striata. The 
superior size of H. sinensis to H. sivalensis is more marked in the 
comparison of the lower premolar than in that of the upper one. 
Besides the superiority of size, the inner side of the chief cone is 
more convex vertically and transversely, more bulging, in the Chinese 
than in the Siwalik Hysna; it more resembles, in this particular, 
the much smaller tooth of Hyena striatu. 
The two fangs in both upper and lower premolars are deeply 
grooved along the surfaces turned towards each other; the hinder 
fang is entire in the specimen of the upper premolar from the cave 
near Chung-king-foo. 
The canine has lost the apical half of its crown, but closely accords 
in form and in its transversely lineate back ridge with that of Hycna 
crocuta; in size it conforms with the premolars above described. 
Upper p 3. Lower p 3. 
Hyena | H. cro- | H. siva- \\H. sinen-| H. cro- | H. siva- 
sinensis. | cuta: lensis. sis. cuta. lensis. 
lines. lines. lines. lines. lines. lines. 
Antero-posterior 
diameter ...... 12 11 104 113 10 93 
aoe se od 92 
