1870.] OWEN—CHINESE FOSSIL MAMMALS. 429 
work, viz. whether from a Tapir which continued to exist in China 
to within the historic period, or from figures and descriptions, brought 
home by some Chinese voyager, of the species now existing in the 
Malaccan promontory and in Sumatra. 
Mr. Swinhoe writes to me that the Tapir “‘has long since ceased 
to bean animal known to the Chinese, and has given rise to many 
fables, which are repeated in Chinese dictionaries, and in the great 
Chinese Herbal, ‘ Pun-tsao-Kang.’” 
It is satisfactory, therefore, to have acquired indisputable evidence 
that a Tapir, nearly allied to, but larger than the Sumatran kind, 
has existed in China, and has left its remains in conditions of pre- 
servation and entombment corresponding with those of large speleean 
mammals, some of which were the latest to die out, and others still 
exist, in Europe. 
It also adds to the illustration afforded by the existing Malaccan 
Tapirs of the original tract of dry land from which the Malaccan 
peninsula is nearly, and Sumatra quite insulated. 
CHALICOTHERIUM SINENSE, Ow. 
The last specimen from Mr. Swinhoe’s Chinese spelean teeth, 
that will be noticed in the present paper, is an upper molar of the 
right side, the last of the series, m 3 (Pl. XXIX. figs. 7, 8,9 & 10), 
with the pattern of grinding-surface of that genus of Anoplotherioid 
from the Eppelsheim miocene which Kaup distinguished and named 
Chalicotherium*. 
In the upper true molars of this genus the crown has an outer and 
an inner division; the outer one presents an anterior (a) and a pos- 
terior (6) lobe, the former the larger; both are hollowed externally 
(f, f'), with a thick convex dividing bulge (n), the indent (f) being 
bounded by a similar convexity (0) anteriorly. 
The coronal projection of each lobe is angular (fig. 7, a 6), and 
inclines to the apex inwardly, as in Anoplotherium, fig. 11. The outer 
surface of the hind lobe ( f’) looks obliquely backward and outward, 
and is turned most backward in the last molar (as in fig. 7), and to 
a greater degree than in Anoplotherium. The inner division of the 
crown consists of the postinternal lobe (d) and the mammilloid cone 
(m)—an antinternal lobe not being marked off, as in Puloplotherium 
and Anoplotherium (fig. 11,¢), by the extension of the fissure (/) from 
the fossa (h). The valley ¢ (Pl. XXIX. fig. 7) is wide and deep, and 
is joined at the fossa (h) by the valley &, which is of similar size ; 
the entry to each valley is partially bounded by a development (7, 7) 
of the cingulum, or basal ridge. The postinternal lobe (d) is 
marked off, as usual, by an indent or valley from 6. 
The cingulum may be traced from the low ridge along the fore side 
of the base of a to its thicker portion (7) at the entry of the valley, 
k, whence it is continued more feebly along the inner side of the 
base of m to join the ridge at the entry of the valley e: it thence 
extends just recognizably along the inner side of d, where it subsides. 
The cingulum reappears along the rear of the base of the lobe 8, 
* Ossemens fossiles de Darmstadt: obl. fol. 1833. 
