1870. | OWEN—CHINESE FOSSIL MAMMALS. 433 
The extent of the range of the species of Chalicotherium over the 
great division of dry land to which that form seems to have been 
restricted, was considerable, viz. from France to China. In tracing 
it in this direction, the species appear to have lived on nearer to the 
present period as they were located eastward. : 
At Sansan, as at Eppelsheim, the remains of Chalicotherium have 
become petrified in beds of miocene age, now covered by later ter- 
tiaries. In the caverns of Greece (Pikermi &c.) they are asso- 
ciated with Upper Miocene and Old Phocene forms. In the teeth 
from the Siwalik deposits, although the Chalicotherian dentine, in 
some degree, and as contrasted with that of the sandstone fossils of 
the same locality, may come into the category of the “soft fossils,” yet 
they are far from presenting the appearance and evidence of compa- 
ratively recent unchangedness which characterizes the dentine of 
the teeth from the Sy-chuen cave. 
Land at the eastern limits of the great EKuropeo-Asiatic tract, 
and now forming China, may have been exempt, or much longer 
exempt (since it became fit to be trod by tapirs and anoplotherioids) 
from those alternate elevations and depressions which have destroyed, 
have modified, or have covered with deposits of Pliocene and Post- 
pliocene age the western Miocene land*. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
Puare XXVIT. 
Stegodon sinensis. 
Fig. 1. Second upper molar, d 3, grinding-surface, 
Dy) ; - outer side view. 
3, 5 Ee inner side view. 
Puare XXVIII. 
Stegodon orientalis. 
Fig. 1. Portion of true molar, grinding-surface. 
2. y side view. 
3. Hind end of milk-molar, d 3, grinding-surface. 
4. és ys side view. 
Hyena sinensis. 
Fig. 5. Third upper premolar, right, p 3, front view. 
: ss, Ma 5 outer side view. 
7. Second lower premolar, p 3, outer side view. 
Tapirus sinensis. 
Fig. 8. Third upper premolar, p 3, grinding-surface. 
9. Last upper molar, 7 3, 53 s 
remarkable aberrant Pachyderms that have yet been met with, closely allied to 
Anoplotherium, but showing a return from the ruminant tendencies of the Cuvie- 
rian species back to a more pachydermatous type, and a closer affinity with Rhi- 
noceros, between which and A. commune it may ultimately prove to be an inter- 
mediate form.”—Palcontological Memoirs, vol. i. p. 22, and p. 195. 
* Other fossils were obtained by Mr. Swinhoe from a vendor of drugs at 
Shanghai, such fossils being collected and sold as articles of the Chinese Materia 
Medica. An esteemed medical friend has referred me to an old work showing 
that fossils were collected in Europe for the same purpose in the middle ages. 
VOL, XXVI.,— PART I. | H 
