12 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 
extensive family, beginning with T’rachyceras and comprehending the 
genera Cosmoceras, Toxoceras, Crioceras, the Flexuosi, and a good 
number of Scaphites. 
On Livine and Fossitn Atex. By Dr. A. Bout. 
[Proc. Imp. Geol. Inst. Vienna, January 18, 1870.] 
Tue living Alge consist of a stem, more or less thick, and often 
of considerable thickness in large species, and of a foliage very diver- 
sified in quantity, length, and thickness. The movement of the 
waves, or any other external action, may compress or distort the wing- 
like leaves of certain Algae, and thus give rise to indistinct, partly 
torn, or extended forms, such as are occasionally met with in Eocene 
Carpathian Sandstones. The round and oval forms conspicuous on 
some specimens may be somewhat flattened, and thus apparently 
enlarged, fructifications, as they appear occasionally nearly isolated 
on some stems, the foliage having been nearly destroyed. Possibly 
the fragments and impressions not rarely occurring in fucoid shales 
and Kocene sandstones, and generally ascribed to Monocotyledones, 
may be fragments of species of the genus Zostera, one species of 
which is constantly associated with Algz in the northern seas. 
Their very large and rather slender portions float in the water like 
those of the Fuci; they are easily torn and divided, and have some 
analogy in structure with the lengthened and undetermined frag- 
ments in fucoid deposits. Zosterites is known to occur in Eocene 
deposits, and such marine plants may more probably be found asso- 
ciated with Algze than any land plants. If the above-mentioned 
impressions were really those of Monocotyledons, those of many other 
terrestrial genera might be expected to be found associated with 
them. . 
On Catacantuvs. By Dr. von WiLLEmoos-Suum. 
[{Proc. Imp. Geol. Inst. Vienna, December 18, 1869.] 
Dr. von Writtemoos-Sunm has published (Paleontographica, xvii. 
1869) a monograph of Owlacanthus and some genera closely allied to 
it. The species described are C. macrocephalus, sp. n., C. Hassie, 
Miinst., C. (Undina) minutus, Wagner, C. pencillatus, Munst., and C. 
major, Wagner, all from the copper-shales and from the shales of 
Solenhofen and Cirin. There is no generic difference between the 
species from the copper-shales and those (Undina) from the Litho- 
graphic shales, closer examination having proved these latter (C. 
macrocephalus and C. Hassiw) to possess the characteristic deep fis- 
sure of the pectoral fin, the ossified swimming-bladder, and the 
articulation of the unpaired fins on bifurcated plates. The author 
unites with Cwlacanthus the genus Graphiurus, Kner, from the Raibl 
shales, and refutes the generic claims of Macropoma, Agassiz. 
