1870; | - HARKNESS—WASTDALE-CRAG BLOCKS. 523 
but, as both occur on the surface, the distribution of the former 
must also have been continued during that of the latter. 
The moory ground which lies immediately east of Wastdale Crag 
has its surface marked by several mounds ‘of sand and gravel. 
These have all the aspects of Eskars; and they contain rounded 
fragments of Wastdale-Crag granite. These mounds may, however, 
have been formed at a more recent date than those Eskars which, 
in the valley of the Eden, yield blocks of Criffel granite. 
With respect to the surfaces of the rocks upon which the Boulder- 
clay rests, these surfaces in many instances exhibit glacial scratch- 
ings. One of the localities which afford these scratchings is at a 
short distance east of Gaythorn Tile-works. Here, in a small 
quarry, the surface of the Carboniferous limestone is beautifully 
marked with strie, which have a nearly north and south course. 
These striated rocks, which were seen by Sir Charles Lyell, Mr. 
M‘K. Hughes, Dr. H. A. Nicholson, and myself, seem to have been 
first noticed by Mr. Lightfoot, who was formerly on the Geological 
Survey, and who was for a while engaged in this portion of West- 
moreland. The striated surface of the limestone here has a thin 
bed of Boulder-clay resting upon it. The direction of the striz 
follows the course of the valley, and is almost at right angles to the 
line taken by the Wastdale-Crag granite blocks, which overlie the 
Boulder-clay in this neighbourhood. 
Glacial strie may be seen in several localities in Westmoreland ; 
and wherever they occur their direction corresponds to the course 
of the valleys. This is the case not only with the vales of the Ly- 
vennet and the Eden, but also with those small dells which contain 
the tributaries to these streams. The same circumstance is seen 
likewise in the valley of the Lowther, a river which has its origin, 
in part, from Wastdale Crag, and which, after flowing northwards, 
joins the river Eamont about a mile south of Penrith. These strie, 
formed by ancient glaciers, and running in the direction of the pre- 
sent valleys, indicate that the drainage of the country and its pre- 
sent outline have not been much altered since the operation of 
glacial action; and they strongly support the inference that the 
outline of this portion of Westmoreland approached pretty nearly to 
what it is now during the time when the Wastdale-Crag blocks 
were being distributed. 
_ On referring to the hill-shaded inch-to-the-mile Ordnance-map 
of the district where the granite blocks occur in the greatest abun- 
dance, it will be seen that this portion of Westmoreland is occupied 
by numerous small valleys having a north and south direction, a 
course corresponding to that of the strize which these valleys afford. 
Many of these small valleys have steep escarpments facing towards 
the west or towards the granitic area of Wastdale Crag. The val- 
ley of the Lyyennet also exhibits the same features. It is in this 
direction that the limestones and other rocks of the Carboniferous 
formation have their outcrop. On the east side of the vale of the 
Eden, the same circumstance manifests itself in the bold western 
outcrop of the rocks which form the Pennine chain; and even 
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