602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 22, 
and trap. It is an extremely hard, compact rock, and is apparently 
altogether devoid of cleavage. The red breccia is surmounted by a 
series of green breccias, ashy beds, amygdaloids, and a few trappean 
bands, which form the mass of Wallow Crag, the whole being over- 
lain by a fine purple or green porphyritic trap. To the south of Wal- 
low Crag a synclinal fold appears to occur; and a similar series of 
breccias and ashes is found in the lower portion of Falcon Crag, 
near Barrow, dipping northwards at very low angles (about 10°). 
Forming the summit of the Falcon Crag and the western end of 
Castlerigg Fell, is a felspathic trap which is nearly horizontal, or has 
a slight northerly inclination, and appears to be the same as the trap 
on the summit of Wallow Crag. Still further to the south, between 
Ashness and Watendlath Beck, an anticlinal fold is formed, and the 
same strata are again exhibited. Here the lower red breccias are 
seen nearly horizontal and overlain by the green breccias, both fold- 
ing over ultimately towards the south, but at extremely low angles. 
The bedding is very well displayed, and the breccias continue to be 
visible till Watendlath Beck is reached. Here a fault seems to 
come on, running in an E.N.E. and W.S.W. direction, across the 
southern end of Ashness Fell. The evidence of this fault is found 
in the occurrence again of the lower members of the Green-slate 
series in the lower part of the Watendlath valley. Between Low- 
dore Inn and the Waterfall are seen the Skiddaw Slates, a good deal 
twisted and broken. These are overlain by a massive dark-green 
felspathic trap, which forms the northern end of Brown Dodd, and 
over which Watendlath Beck is precipitated to form Lowdore Water- 
fall. This trap continues up the stream for some distance; and is 
succeeded at Thwaite House by a series of cleaved green breccias, 
with some trappean beds, the former having a vertical cleavage, and 
the whole dipping 8.S.E. at 20°. With the higher part of the 
Watendlath Beck I am not well acquainted; but at the village of 
Watendlath, about a mile and a half above Lowdore, there comes on 
again a great series of slates and breccias, also with a southerly dip, 
so that it is most probable that a second E.N.E. and W.S.W. fault 
produces another repetition of the same beds. 
The probable relations of the, lower members of the Green-slate 
series in this intricate district are shown in the subjoined sketch 
section from Keswick to Watendlath (fig. 2). Whether this is strictly 
correct in all particulars or not, it appears quite certain that the 
following relationships exist between the beds in Borrowdale and on 
the east side of Derwentwater:—1. The trap of Castle Head is the 
lowest member of the series, and is the same bed which occurs at 
Lowdore, this in turn being identical with the trap of Grange Fell 
and the Hollows in Borrowdale, and of Dale Head in the Gatesgarth 
valley. 2. The massive red and green breccias which are seen in 
Wallow Crag, Falcon Crag, at Barrow Waterfall, and at Ashness 
are the equivalent of the great slate-band of Borrowdale and Honi- 
ster. The slaty cleavage is only partially developed, and is some- 
times absent ; but in other respects the rocks are the same, and they 
correspond to each other in stratigraphical position. 3. The trap 
