608 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 22, 
About a mile to the south of Heltondale Beck, and running pa- 
‘ig. 4.—Section from Ulleswater to Haweswater. Distance six miles. 
Haweswater. 
Littlewater. 
Cordale. 
Heltondale. 
Aik Beck, 
Ulleswater. 
c. Slate-band of Cordale. 
6, 6. Traps and ashes of the Green-slate series. 
a. Skiddaw Slates. 
rallel with it, is a second valley, called Cor- 
dale, the intervening ridge showing no rock- 
exposure. Both sides of Cordale are occupied 
by slaty beds, which strike H.N.H.and W.8.W., 
and have an apparent dip to the N.N.W. at 
05°. These beds have been pretty largely 
worked for slate in the upper part of Cordale, 
and they consist partly of ordinary green slate 
and partly of a cleaved purple breccia, very 
similar to that worked in Borrowdale in all 
except its colour. There can be little doubt 
that these Cordale Slates, though not clearly 
represented in Aik Beck, are really the lowest 
slate-band in the series, and that they are a 
repetition to the south of the great slate-band 
which is worked at the head of Ulleswater, 
near Patterdale, and which is feebly repre- 
sented in Arthur’s Pike. 
To the south of Cordale come on coarse 
felspathic ashes, still dipping northwards; and 
these are again followed by a varied and thick 
series of bedded traps and ashes, which occupy 
the hilly ground round Littlewater, directly 
to the north of the foot of Haweswater. In 
this region the traps and ash-beds succeed one 
another rapidly, and vary greatly im litholo- 
gical characters, all, however, dipping N.N.W. 
The ashes are sometimes fine-grained, some- 
times brecciated, and sometimes amygdaloidal ; 
the traps are green or purple in colour, and 
are mostly highly porphyritic. 
VIII. Lower portion of the Green-slate Series 
in the neighbourhood of Shap. 
Owing either to folding or, more probably, 
to faults, in one instance at any rate, the 
Skiddaw Slates, and with them the lower 
beds of the Green Slates and Porphyries, are 
exposed in three distinct areas to the south- 
east of Haweswater. The best section, as 
exhibiting the relations of two of these areas, 
is to be found in the river Lowther and its tri- 
butaries, to the west and south-west of Shap 
(fig. 5). Commencing at Shap Abbey, there is 
shown in the bed of the stream, just above 
the Abbey Mill, an earthy trap with some 
felspathic ashes, both deeply reddened by the 
overlying conglomerates of Old Red Sand- 
