614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 22, 
originally somewhat more, as the lip is slightly abraded. A little 
above its middle there is a small deeper pit. The sutures which 
marked the original distinctness of its component elements are no 
longer traceable. The sides or outer surfaces of the conjoined ver- 
tebre are vertical; they bear a low horizontal ridge, separating an 
upper from a lower shallow depression ; and at their junction with the 
under surface the atlas has a strong lateral tubercle representing a 
transverse process, which in the axis is a well-developed compressed 
ridge projecting downwards and backwards. A strong median 
tubercle projects downwards and forwards from the under surface of 
the atlas. In front a slight interval of about -1 inch separates this 
from the lower margin of the anterior articular surface ; and behind 
it is continued into a narrow median ridge, dividing the under 
surface of the axis. In a longitudinal direction the under surface 
of the atlas is slightly convex, and that of the axis is gently con- 
cave; while transversely, between the median ridge and the lateral 
transverse process, this surface of the axis is more positively hol- 
low. ‘The posterior articular face of the axis is deeply hollow at 
its middle, while its lip is tumid. The neural arches of both these 
vertebre are crushed and broken off. 
From the first to the thirteenth of the cervical series all the ver- 
tebree are slightly distorted by lateral pressure, by which their ver- 
tical diameter has been slightly increased and their horizontal one 
lessened. All the neural arches are gone. ‘The sides of the centra 
are nearly plane vertically, but deeply concave horizontally. The 
suture marking the lowest limit of the neurapophysis is hardly 
visible, and in many quite undistinguishable. The transverse pro- 
cesses are simple downward-projecting blades attached to the whole 
length of the side of the centrum, anchylosed to it. A hori- 
zontal line above the root of the blade marks its junction with 
the centrum ; and above this line the side of the centrum is deeply 
hollowed. . 
In the ninth of the cervical series the distance between the upper 
limit of the transverse process and the lowest limit of the neurapo- 
physis on the side of the centrum is 1:3 inch, the length, breadth 
and height of this centrum being respectively 2:1, 2-4, and 2-2 inches. 
The under surface of the cervical vertebree is nearly plane trans- 
versely, broken by a low median ridge, on each side of which is a 
hollow pierced by a vascular foramen; while axially it is concave. 
The articular faces are rather deeply hollowed centrally, and less so 
peripherally. Their true contour is subcordate, the emargination 
above corresponding to the neural canal. The neurapophyses arise 
in the form of thin laminz from nearly the whole length of the 
upper surface of the centrum, coming rather closer to the anterior 
than to the posterior articular surface. In the later vertebre of 
the anterior cervical region the laminz become shorter antero- 
posteriorly, and stouter. The transverse processes are also stouter 
and much less compressed here ; their transverse section has an oyal 
figure ; and their anterior border slants more backwards. 
From the twenty-seyenth of the cervical series backwards throngh- 
