1870. | BROWN—PHYSICS OF ARCTIC ICE. 
ing black circuit of the coast- 
line land or islands before 
described, here and there in- 
fringing in little peninsulas 
on the ice, there the ice dove- 
tailing in the form of a glacier 
on the land, and now and then 
the waters of a deep fjord 
penetrating into the ice-field, 
its circuit marked by the black 
line of coast surrounding it on 
either side, the eastern gene- 
rally being the ice-wall of the 
glacier, the western being the 
sea. Travelling a short dis- 
tance on this interior ice, it 
seems as if we were travelling 
on the sea. The land begins 
to fade away behind us like 
the shore receding as we sail 
out to sea; while far away to 
the eastward nought can be 
seen but a dim clear outline 
like the horizon bounding our 
view. The ice rises by a gen- 
tle slope, the gradient being 
steeper at first, but gradually 
getting almost imperceptible’, 
though real. In the winter 
and spring this ice-field must 
be covered with a deep blanket 
of snow, and the surface must 
then be smooth as a glassy 
lake ; but in the summer, by 
the melting of the snow, it is 
covered with pools and cours- 
ing streams of icy-cold water, 
which either find their way 
over the edge, or tumble with 
a hollow sound through the 
deep crevasses in the ice. How 
deep these crevasses go, it is 
impossible to say, as we could 
1 During the present summer, 
between the 19th and 24th July, 
Prof. Nordenskjéld and Hr. Berg- 
gren travelled thirty geographical 
miles on the inland ice. The point 
where they turned back was about 
2000 feet above the sea. 
Fig. 1.— Diagrammatic Transverse section of Greenland from E. to W. in about lat. 69° N. 
aD =1— 
Ss 
re 
Soha AES 
c. The underlying country, now concealed by 
‘ 
y 
| 
‘Si 
I> 
29ST 
profonde.” 
laying the whole interior of the country. 4. The “moraine 
d. The present coast (the “‘ outskirts”), covered with old sea-bottom. 
g. Ice- 
in process of formation; 2. e. the glacier has 
ff the berg. jf Icebergs floating off. 
r-clay, angular travelled blocks, &c. 
e. Iceberg 
t floated o 
y of the sea has not ye 
but the buoyane 
, the present sea: 
a. The inland ice over 
the inland ice. 
protruded into the sea, ground along the bottom, 
ake of showing its termination, in the 
the outflow of the inland ice (a). 
jord, though, for the s 
but enters a fj 
w the direction of 
-bottom, composed of Boulde 
The two arrows sho 
es not reach the open sea directly, 
agram it is portrayed as if reaching the open sea at once. 
berg capsizing and depositing carried moraine on h 
N.B. The glacier commonly do 
di 
