1870. | KERR—ICE-MARKS IN NEWFOUNDLAND. 705 
At Burke Point (No. 3) is a groove 22 feet wide and 20 inches 
deep, rising out of the water 8.W. for a distance of 70 feet over a 
steep, polished and scratched surface, at an angle of about 40° to 
the horizon; in this groove there are two sets of scratches, one in 
the direction of the groove, the other, and more recent one, in a 
direction N. 31° E. On Campbell’s Hill (No. 4) there are numerous 
boulders, many of them curiously poised. At Cat Point (No. 5) 
there are grooves on perpendicular surfaces just above the level of 
the sea, very similar to those occurring on the Blue Hills (No. 6), at 
a considerable altitude. The west side of Signal Hill, north of St. 
John’s Harbour (No. 22a) has the surfaces of the highly inclined 
strata of coarse sandstone smoothed, grooved, and scratched at all 
angles of inclination. The marks are lost at the eastern edge of 
the hill, which forms a precipice 300 feet high, bounding a valley 
1000 feet wide, running N.E. and 8.W., and they reappear on the 
opposite boundary of this valley, which rises about 80 feet, and con- 
sists of highly inclined strata of coarse conglomerate. After passing 
over about 1000 feet of this conglomerate, the marks disappear at 
the sea-shore. 
North of Bonavista Bay the granite has the rounded appearance 
of a glaciated region; but the rock is easily weathered, and the 
scratches had to be sought under perched blocks. On Ladle Island 
(No. 23) there is a groove 10 feet wide and 12 inches deep, ex- 
tending completely across the island (a distance of 200 yards). The 
surface of the island is formed by the edges of highly inclined beds 
of schist. 
The author discussed the extent and effects of the glacier-system 
to which these markings are due, and indicated that its great ter- 
minal moraine is probably the 80-fathom bank across the mouth of 
Conception Bay, and that smaller terminal moraines exist in the 
form of submerged banks at the entrance of Holy-rood and Col- 
lier’s Bays. He expressed the opinion that the country has not 
been submerged since its glaciation, and considered that the as- 
sertion that it is now rising is exceedingly doubtful. 
The paper was illustrated with numerous drawings of localities 
and rubbings of scratched surfaces. 
