2 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 
Jamboli this river runs through an extensive “ massif”’ of granite 
and gneiss, the summits of which attain an altitude of 3000 feet. 
Towards the south-west, between Adrianople and Philippopoli, this 
is connected with the primitive ‘‘massif” of Despoto Dagh or 
Rhodopi. 
5. The eruptwe district of Jamboli, Aidos, and Burgas, situated 
on the Black Sea, between the ‘“‘ massif ” of Tundscha and the Balkan, 
presents an abundance of Doleritic cones, possessing all the cha- 
racters of extinct volcanoes, and is connected with very extensive 
submarine deposits of tuff containing organic remains of Cretaceous 
character. 
6. The chain of the Balkan.—A fissure of dislocation running 
continuously from Burgas, on the Black Sea, to the region of Pirot or 
Scharkioi, north-west of Sofia, corresponds with the south slope of 
the Balkan. From the Black Sea to Sliwno the escarpment or 
southern slope of the chain is composed of Eocene or Cretaceous 
deposits, disrupted by porphyries. West of Sliwno, from Tschipka 
to Karlowa, granite, gneiss, and micaceous and argillaceous slates 
make their appearance. On the northern border of the basin of 
Sofia, Triassic sandstones and limestones complete the southern mar- 
gin of the chain. Hot springs and an almost uninterrupted series of 
most diversified eruptive rocks mark the course of the chief fissure 
of the Balkan. The highest summits (6000—7000) feet) are between 
Sliwno and Sofia. 
7. The Intermediate Mountain-ranges.—These are the Karadscha 
Dagh (highest summit 3500 feet) between Eski Saara and Kisanlik, 
and the Sredna Gora (highest point about 5000 feet) north of Philip- 
popoli. These chains form portions of a granitic and syenitic “ mas- 
sif,” which has sunk down between the Balkan and the Rhodopi and 
become overlain by a series of mesozoic strata. 
8. The Upper Basin of the Maritza (Plain of Philippopoli).— 
This is wholly covered with diluvia and alluvia, from which syenitic 
cliffs (the summits of the sunken‘ massif”’) project near Philippopoli. 
9. The Rhodopi or Despoto Dagh.—This is bounded on the east 
by the lower Maritza, and on the west by the river Struma (Stry- 
mon). Its highest summit rises to 9000 feet; and it forms an ex- 
tensive primitive ‘‘ massif” with many eruptive Trachytes of later 
date, and with local Kocene and Miocene freshwater deposits, some 
with seams of Brown coal, at an altitude of from 2000 to 3000 feet 
above the sea-level. 
10. The district of Vitosch.—The Vitosch mountain is a colossal 
syenitic “‘ massif,” rising 7000 feet above the sea-level. From it 
the chief rivers of European Turkey (the Maritza, the Struma, the 
Isker, and the Morawa, or rather its affluent the Nischawa) take 
their origin. The foundations of this district consist of ancient crys- 
tallme rocks, with “massifs” of syenite and granite. A mass of 
Triassic deposits rests upon them, and is overlain by a vast system 
of limestones (perhaps Jurassic) interrupted here and there by Cre- 
taceous deposits and newer Tertiary basins with Brown coal. 
11, The small basins along the foot of the Balkan, such as those 
ane 
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