WAAGEN—AMMONITES. 3 
of Jamboli, Sliwno, Kisanlik, Sofia, Dubnitza, Radomir, &c., were 
occupied by freshwater lakes during the Posttertiary period. 
12. The district of the Upper Morawa.—This river breaks through 
lofty crystalline mountain-groups (summits 6000 feet) between 
Wrangia and Leskowatz. Towards the south-east this group is con- 
nected with the crystalline “ massif” of the Rhodopi, and consists of 
gneiss and mica- and clay-slates, with numerous local eruptions of 
trachyte and rhyolite, swelling into large masses, and connected 
with vast deposits of tufts. [Count M. | 
On the Occurrence of Fusvitinm im the Alps. 
By Professor E. Svzss. 
[ Proc. Imp. Geol. Inst. Vienna, January 4, 1870.] 
MM. Foarrrrtr and Peters distinguished three members in the Car- 
boniferous formation of the Alps, namely, the Upper and Lower 
Carboniferous Limestones, and an intermediate member, sometimes 
containing anthracite, and composed of shales, sandstones, and con- 
glomerates. Prof. Suess accepted this division, which agrees closely 
with that of the Carboniferous formation in Russia and a great part 
of North America; and in a communication to the Vienna Academy 
of Sciences (16 January, 1869) he compared the Upper Carboni- 
ferous Limestone of the southern Alps to the Russian Fusulina- 
limestone. This view has now been confirmed by the discovery in 
the uppermost part of the Carboniferous series in the Canal-Thal 
at Uggowitz, of a minute broadly ovate fossil which agrees with the 
Fusulina robusta of Meek (Palsont. of California, p. 3). The same 
species occurs also in the Upper Carboniferous Limestone in the 
Government of Wologda, where it is accompanied by the smaller 
elongated form known as Fusulina cylindrica (Fischer). In Ame- 
rica two or three other species are distinguished. 
Prof. Suess remarks upon the wide extension of this Fusulina- 
limestone, which he regards as forming, in the Northern hemisphere, 
an horizon comparable to that of the Nummulitic limestone of the 
Tertiary period. In America, it is known in California, Nebraska, 
Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio. Fusulina cylindrica occurs in 
Spain, in the Cantabrian chain, and /. robusta in the Southern Alps. 
In Russia the Limestones containing Fusuline have a wide exten- 
sion; and, from the uppermost beds of the Mountain-limestone in 
Armenia and Azerbeidjan, Abich has described a form, under the 
name of /. spherica, which Prof. Suess regards as identical with P. 
robusta (Meek). [W.S. D.] 
On Ammonites. By Dr. W. Waacen. 
Dr. W. WaAaceEn has published (in Benecke’s Palzeontologische Bei- 
trige, Bd. i. Heft. 2, 1869) a monographic essay on Ammonites 
subradiatus and the allied forms. He refers to the difficulty which 
exists, in certain cases, in the use of the binary system of nomencla- 
