CONTENTS 



TEXT 



PART I.— GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DISTRIBUTION. 

 PART II.— HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL. 



PART III.— ZOOLOGICAL— EXPLANATION OF PLATES 3 to 36. 

 PART IV.— BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

 GENERAL ]NDEX (at end of Volume) 



LIST OF PLATES 



1. ZOO-G-EOGKAPHICAL EEGIONS, according to A. Russel Wallace. 

 Prevailing Vegetation and Ocean Currents. 

 Batht-Orographical Configuration. 



2. ZOO-GEOGBAPHICAL EEGIONS, according to P. L. Sclater, 1858 

 Heilprin, 1887 ; Lydekker, 1896 ; P. L. and W. L. Sclater, 1899. 

 Marine Areas, according to Ortmann, 1896 ; P. L. Sclater, 1897. 



Orang Utan. 



Mammalia — Mamm als. 



3. PRIMATES— A PES, MONKEYS, Etc. 



Map i. Simiidae — Anthropoid Apes. Gorilla. Chimpanzee. 

 Hylobatidae — Gibbons. 

 ,. ii. Cercopithecidae — Old "World Monkeys. Cebidae — American Monkeys. 



Callitrichidae — Marmosets. 

 ,, iii. Lemuridse— Lemurs. Tarsiidse— Tarsiers. Chiromyidae— The Aye-Aye. 



CHIROPTERA— BATS. 



Map iv. Phyllostomatidae — Vampire-Bats. Rhinolophidae — Leaf-nosed Bats. 

 ,, v. Noctilionidae — Free-tailed Bats. Nycteridae— False Vampire-Bats. 

 ,, vi. Vespertilionidae— Typical Bats. Pteropodidse — Flying Foxes. 



4. WS-ECTIYOTLA—INSECTIVOEES. 



Map i. Talpidse — Moles. Chrysochloridae— Golden Moles. 

 ,, ii. Centetidae — Tenrecs. Solenodontidae — Solenodons. Galeopithecidae — 



Flying Lemurs. 

 ,, iii. Soricidae— Shrews. Potamogalidae — Potamogale. 

 ,, iv. Erinaceidae — Hedgehogs. Macroscelidae — Elephant-Shrews. Tupaiidse — 



Tree-Shrews. 



C ARNIVORA— GARNI VORES. 



Map v. Phocidae — True Seals. 

 ,, vi. Odobenidse — Walruses. Otariidse — Eared Seals. 



5. CARNIVORA— CARNIVORES, 



Map i. Procyonidse — Raccoons and Catbears. Viverridae — Civets and Ichneumons. 

 ii. Mustelidse — Skunks. Badgers. Weasels and Otters, 

 iii. Ursidse — Polar Bear. Bears, 

 iv. Protelidae — The Earth-Wolf. Hyaenidae — Hyaenas, 

 v. Canidae — Wolf and its Races. Dogs and Foxes. Jackals. 

 vi. Felidse — Cats. Lion. Tiger. Jaguar. Puma. 



6. RODENITA— RODENTS. 



Map i. Leporidae — Hares and Rabbits. Ochotonidae — Picas. 



,, ii. Dasyproctidse — Agouties. Chinchillidae — Chinchillas. 



,, iii. Caviidae— Cavies. Dinomyidae— Dinomys. 



,, iv. Hystricidae — Porcupines. Octodontidse — Spiny Mice. 



,, v. Geomyidae — Pocket-Gophers. Heteromyidae — Kangaroo-Rats and Pocket- 

 Mice. Spalacidae— Mole-Rats. Bathyergidae— African Mole-Rats. 

 Lophiomyidae— Crested Rats. Castoridae — Beavers. 



,, vi. Jaculidae — Jerboas. Pedetidae — African Jumping Hare. Muridae — Rats, 

 Mice and Voles. Haplodontidae— Sewellels. 



,, vii. Myoxidae — Dormice. Sciuridae — Squirrels and Marmots. Anonialuridae — 

 African Flying Squirrels. 



7. UNGULATA— HOOFED MAMMALS. 



Map i. Elephantidae — Elephants. 

 ,, ii. Rhinocerotidae — Rhinoceroses. Procaviidae — Hyraces. 

 ,, iii. Equidae — Wild Horses. Zebras. Wild Asses. Tapiridae — Tapirs. 

 ,, iv. Bovidae — Musk Ox. Sheep and Goats. Antelopes. Oxen, Bisons and 



Buffaloes. Yaks. 

 ,, v. Antilocapridae— Prong-Buck. Giraffldae. — Giraffes. Okapi. Tragulidae — 



Chevrotains. 

 ,, vi. Cervidae — Deer. Reindeer. Camelidae — Camels and Llamas. 

 ,, vii. Suidae— Pigs. Dicotylidae— Peccaries. Hippopotamidae— Hippopotamus, 



8. CETACEA— CETACEANS and SIRKmA—SIRENIANS. 

 DELPHINID^— 



Map i. Monodon — Narwhal. Delphinapterus — White Whale. Phocaena — Por- 

 poises. Neomeris— Indian Porpoise. Orca — Killer- Whales. Globi- 

 cephalus — Pilot-Whales. 

 ,, ii. Lagenorhynchus — Short-Beaked Dolphins. Sotalia — Long-Beaked River- 

 Dolphins. Delphinus — True Dolphins. Tursiops— Bottle-Nosed 

 Dolphins. Steno — Rough-toothed Dolphins. Prodelphlnus. 

 ,, iii. Grampus — Risso's Grampus. Tursio. Orcella — Indian Dolphin. Ce- 

 phalorhynchus. 

 Platanistidae — Fresh-water Dolphins. 



DISTRIBUTION MAPS 



Mammalia — Continued. 

 BKLMSTDM— WHALE-BONE WHALES. 



Map iv. Balaena — Right Whales. Balsenoptera — Rorquals or Finners. Megaptera 



— Hump-backed Whales. Neobalama — Pigmy Whale. 

 PHYSETERID^l— TOOTHED WHALES. 



Map v. Physeter — Cachalot or Sperm-Whale. Kogia — Lesser Sperm-Whale. 

 Mesoplodon — Beaked Whales. Ziphius — Cuvier's Whale, etc. 

 Hyperoodon — Bottle-Nosed Whale. 



SIREmk—SIRENIANS. 



Map vi. Halicoridae — Dugongs. Manatidae — Manatees. 



9. EDENTATA— EDENTATES. 



Map i. Dasypodidae — Armadillos. 

 ,, ii. Bradypodidae — Sloths. 

 ,, iii. Orycteropodidae — Aard-Varks. Manidae — Pangolins. Myrmecophagidae— 



Ant-eaters 



M AR SUPI ALI A— M. A RS UP I A LS. 

 Map iv, Macropodidae — Kangaroos. 

 ,, v. Phalangeridae — Phalangers. 

 ,, vi. Phascolomyidae — Wombats. 



,, vii. Peramelidae — Bandicoots. Notoryctidae — Marsupial Mole. 

 ,, viii. Dasyurid33— Thylacine. Dasyures. Didelphidae — Opossums. Caenolestidae 

 — Selvas. 



MONOTREMATA— MONOTREMES. 

 Map ix. Echidnidae — Spiny Ant-eaters. 

 ,, x. Oriiitliorhynchidae — Duckbills. 



Aves— Birds. 



10. PASSERIFORMES— PERCHING BIRDS. 



Map i. Corvidae : Corvinae — Ravens, Crows, etc. Fregilinae — Choughs. 



Garrulinae — Jays. Nucifraginae— Nutcrackers. 

 ,, ii. Paradiseidaa — Birds of Paradise. Ptilonorhynchidae — Bower-Birds. 



Sturnidae— Starlings. Eulabetidae — Glossy Starlings. Eurycerotidae — 



Helmet-Bird. Dicruridae — Drongos. 

 ,, iii. Oriolidae — Orioles. Icteridae — Cassiques and Hangnests. Ploceidae — 



Weaver-Birds. Tanagridae— Tanagers. 

 ,, iv. Ccerebidae — Honey-Creepers. Fringillidae — Finches. Emberizidae — 



Buntings. Alaudidae — Larks. 

 ,, v. Motacillidae : AntMnae— Pipits. Motacillinae— Wagtails. Mniotiltidae— 



Wood-Warblers. Certhiidaa — Creepers. Meliphagidae— Honey-Eaters. 

 ,, vi. Drepanididae— Drepanis. Promeropidae— Promerops. Nectariniidae— 



Sun-birds. Dicaeidae — Honey-Peckers. Zosteropidae— White-Eyes. 



11. PASSERIFORMES— PERCHING BIRDS. 



Map i. Sittidae— Nuthatches. Regulidae— Goldcrests and Kinglets. Cbamaeidae— 



Wren Tits. 

 ,, ii. Paridae — Titmice. Laniidae — Shrikes. Aerocharidae. 

 ,, iii. Prionopidae — Wood-Shrikes. Vangidae. Artamidae — Swallow-Shrikes. 



Ampelidae — Waxwings. 

 ,, iv. Vireonidae— Vireos. Sylviidae— Warblers. Turdidae— Thrushes, Chats, 



etc. Accentorinae — Accentors. 

 ,, v. Mimidae— Mocking Birds. Cinclidae— Dippers. 

 ., vi. Troglodytidse — Wrens. Timeliidae — Babbling Thrushes, etc. 



Pycnonotidae— Bulbul s . 



12. PASSERIFORMES— PERCHING BIRDS. 



Map. i. Campophagidae— Cuckoo - Shrikes. Muscicapidae— Flycatchers. Polio- 



ptilinae — Gnatcatchers. 

 ,, ii. Hirundinidae— Swallows and Martins. Atrichornithiclae — Scrub-Birds. 



Xenicidae. Philepittidae. 

 ,, iii. Pittidae— Pittas. Phytotomidee— Plant-Cutters. Cotingidae— Chatterers. 

 ,, iv. Pipridae— Manakins. 



v. Oxyrhampbidae. Tyrannidae— Tyrant Flycatchers. 

 ,, vi. Dendrocolaptida?— Wood-Hewers or American Creepers. Conopophagidae. 

 ,, vii. Formicariidae— Ant-Thrushes. 

 ,, viii. Pteroptochidae. Menuridae— Ly re-Birds. Eurylaemidae— Broad Bills. 



