CINCLUS CASHMERIENSIS, Gould. 



Cashmerian Water-Ouzel. 



Hydrohata cinclus, Adams in Proc. of Zool. Soc, part xxvii. p. 180. 

 Cinclus cashneriensis, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc, part xxvii. p. 494. 



I am indebted to Dr. A. Leith Adams for a knowledge of the fine species of Water-Ouzel figured on the 

 accompanying Plate, an example of which was killed by him in Cashmere. This bird is only one of the 

 numerous interesting species discovered and brought to England by this gentleman. To the ornithologist 

 no country can possibly be more interesting than Cashmere, its fauna being very peculiar, and many of the 

 species of which it is composed closely assimilating to others of the same form found in Europe. After a 

 careful comparison of the bird here figured with examples of C. aquaticus procured in Wales, Scotland, 

 Norway, Switzerland, and the Pyrenees, I have no hesitation in affirming that it is a distinct species, as, 

 independently of the difference in the colouring of the abdomen, it is considerably larger in the size of the 

 body and in the relative admeasurements of its wings ; it also differs in the brown colouring of the head 

 extending far over the mantle ; the crescentic markings of the upper surface, too, are less numerous than 

 in its European prototype. I have also compared it with the bird named C. melanogaster, which is now 

 supposed, and perhaps rightly, to be merely a local variety of C. aquaticus, and find that it only assimilates 

 to that bird in the dark colouring of the under surface. 



The Cinclus Cashmeriensis appears to inhabit Thibet as well as Cashmere, as the following extract from 

 Dr. Adams's note-book will testify : — " 26th July, 1852. Near Chimouraree, Lake Ladakh, Thibet : Added 

 a new species to my Collection. Saw it in the Duchinpara, Cashmere, a month ago, but could not get 

 specimens. Its belly is darker than that of the British species, and perhaps it is the C. melanogaster" 

 Beyond this, I regret to say there is nothing to publish respecting this little-known bird. 



Crown of the head, ear-coverts, and mantle brown, passing into deeper brown on the upper part of the 

 back and wing-coverts ; lower part of the back and tail-coverts grey, with a darker central mark on each 

 feather ; wings and tail blackish grey ; throat and breast white ; upper part of the abdomen brown, passing 

 into dark greyish brown on the flanks and vent ; under tail-coverts uniform dark grey ; tarsi brown, lighter 

 on the front and on the upper part of the toes. 



Total length, 7 inches ; bill, ■£• ; wing, 3i ; tail, 2\ ; tarsi, !-§-• 



The figures are about the natural size. 





