SPHINGIDJE. 45 



Larva. — Head round or triangular, apparently always 

 round in the first instar, sometimes first round, then triangular, 

 and again round in the last instar. Body tapering gently 

 or strongly from segment 5 forwards, rest of body nearly 

 cylindrical ; segments 4 and 5 often swollen and more rarely 

 flanged ; horn on segment 12 straight, bifid, and sometimes 

 movable in the earlier instar s, of various shapes and usually 

 rigid in the later instars, sometimes much reduced in the 

 last instar. The surface dull or shining, and smooth or with 

 setiferous tubercles, or rarely spinose. Colour variable, 

 often green or brown. 



Pupa. — Tongue reaching tip of wing-case, or shorter, 

 tongue- case sometimes enlarged basally or tongue in a free 

 sheath ; coxal-piece present or not ; surface dull or shining, 

 smooth or rugose ; often sculpturing on segment 4 and 

 antespiracular ridges ; cremaster very variable, often bifid, 

 and sometimes with hooks and spines. 



Habits. — The eggs, except in a few cases, laid singly ; the 

 larva usually with five instars ; pupation in a cell under- 

 ground or in a rough cocoon on the surface, rarely on the 

 food-plant. The moth feeds and deposits eggs while hovering 

 on the wing. 



Hab. All regions except the Antarctic Zone, most plentiful 

 in the tropics. 



Rothschild and Jordan (1903) divide the Sphingidje into the 

 following groups : — 



A. — Sphingidse Asemanophorse. 



Subfamily Acherontiin^e. 

 Tribe Acheroutiini. 

 Tribe Sphingini. 

 Tribe Sphingulini. 



Subfamily Ambulicin,e. 



B. — Sphingidae Semanophorse. 



Subfamily Sesiinje. 

 Tribe Dilophonotini*. 

 Tribe Sesiini. 



Subfamily Philampelinje. 

 Tribe Philampehni * . 

 Tribe Nephelini. 



Subfamily Chcerocampin^:. 

 (Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. cxxxv). 



* The tribes Dilophonotini and Philampelini are not represented 

 in India. 



