SPHINGIDyE ASEMANOPHORiE. 47 



of the subfamilies AcHERONTiiNiE, Ambulicin^ and Sesiinje 

 from each other, or those of the Philampelin^e from the 

 Chcerocampin^: . 



A more minute study of the larvse and pupae may reveal 

 constant differences between those of the different subfamilies, 

 but in the present state of our knowledge we are unable to 

 construct useful keys. 



A.— SPHINGIDJE ASEMANOPHORJE. 



Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 3. 



Imago. — " (J$. The patch of sensory hairs is absent from 

 the palpus in all the species. The friction-scales of the <$ 

 he flat upon the clasper. The tendency of development 

 in this section of the family is reduction of organs, leading 

 to the disappearing of the tongue, frenulum and retinaculum, 

 pul villus and paronychium, of the proximal pair of spurs 

 of the hind tibise, the friction-scales of the <J, the meso- and 

 metatarsal combs, and the abdominal spines, the most reduced 

 forms representing the highest stages of development. The 

 bristles of the pilifer become rather often modified into scales, 

 or disappear almost entirely in a few instances " (Roths. & 

 Jord., 1903, p. 3), 



Egg. — More or less oval in shape, sometimes nearly 

 spherical. 



Larva. — Head large, round or triangular, always round 

 in first instar ; body nearly cylindrical or slightly tapering 

 in front ; segments 2 and 3 never retractile ; horn long or 

 short, straight, down- curved or up- curved, or curved first 

 down and then up (Acherontia) ; two or more segments may 

 be tuberculate ; colour usually green, but yellow and brown 

 forms also in some species, and forms with dark-coloured 

 patches in others ; longitudinal and oblique stripes usually 

 present, and the spiracle on segment 2 may be situated in an 

 ocellus-like spot (Rhodoprasina) , but lateral or subdorsal 

 ocelli never present. 



Pupa. — Tongue very long, or short, in a free sheath or not, 

 but never housed in a forward extension of the head as occurs 

 in many of the Philampeline and Choerocampine species ; 

 coxal-piece present or absent ; surface usually shining, often 

 pitted or corrugated ; sculpturing on segment 4 and ante- 

 spiracular ridges present or absent ; colour usually uniform 

 chestnut or brown, never striped or mottled. 



Habits. — Eggs laid singly, except in Parum. Larva slug- 

 gish, except when looking for a suitable place to pupate ; 

 it rests with the head and front of the body raised from the 

 resting surface, the head bent downwards and the true legs 

 bunched together ; it strikes sideways with the head when 



