GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 



15 



Pupa (fig. 4). 



We number the segments of the pupa from 1 to 14 as in 

 the larva, segment 1 being the head and segment 14 the 

 anal or cremastral segment. Segment 2 is the prothorax, 

 3 the mesothorax and 4 the metathorax, the three together 

 forming the thorax ; segments 5 to 14 form the abdomen. 



Head. — The front is called the frons, the lower part the 



A B 



i iJitAy \ 2 



\ c /Ty J\ 



W^ C d JjB — \ 



t-\ d e J/f 



Pp e f W xj 



.9— ^ 

 ^^ h L — -o 



Fig. 4. — Pupa. 



A. Ventral view, showing a, appendage to clypeus, consisting of la brum 



and ligula ; b, coxal piece ; c, fore leg ; d, antenna ; e, mid-leg ; 

 /, wing-case : g, bevels of movable segments ; h, cremaster. 



B. Lateral view, showing segments 1 to 14. a, frons and clypeus region 



of head ; b, eye-crescent ; c, eye ; d, fore leg ; e, antenna ; 

 /, mid-leg ; g, wing-case ; h, spiracle ; i, cremaster. 



C. Female pupa of Acherontia lachesis, showing segments 12, 13, 14. 



a, clasper scar ; b, cremaster. 



D. Male pupa of Acherontia lachesis, showing segments 12, 13. 



a, clasper scar. 



