4 SPHINGID^]. 



found in India, the number of species and subspecies now 

 known is 204. The Hawk -Moth fauna of India is therefore 

 very rich. 



We have followed, with slight modification, the system 

 of classification, the nomenclature, and the general arrange- 

 ment of the ' Revision.' 



In describing the larva and pupa we number the segments 

 from 1 to 14, segment 1 being the head and segment 2 that 

 segment of the body lying immediately behind the head. 

 The length of the larva is measured from the front of the head 

 when held in the normal position for the species to the end 

 of the anal claspers. The hairs which are always present 

 on the head and body are not mentioned unless they present 

 some peculiarity. The lengths of the various parts are 

 measured along the dorsal line, the, breadth at right angles 

 to it. In the pupa measurements are taken from the most 

 frontal part of the head ; the length is the distance from 

 this point to the tip of the cremaster. The measurements 

 of the tongue, fore and mid-leg, and antennal case are made 

 with reference to the distance from the front of the pupa 

 to the tip of the wing-case ; so that the statement that " the 

 antenna is equal to the fore leg, which reaches to the middle 

 of the wing-case," means that the tip of the fore leg case and 

 that of the antennal case both reach to half the distance from 

 the front of the head to the tip of the wing-case — the word 

 " case " being omitted except when referring to the wing-case. 

 The wings being folded up, their true length and their tips 

 cannot be seen. The descriptions and keys refer to the 

 full-fed larva unless any earlier instar is mentioned. 



The imaginal characters of the family Sphingid^: and of 

 its subfamilies, tribes, and genera have been taken, with 

 slight modification in some cases, from the ' Revision ' and 

 from later volumes of ' Novitates Zoologicae,' and the imaginal 

 characters of the species and subspecies have in most cases 

 been taken from the same sources, rearranged and, where 

 necessary, supplemented by the descriptions given in the 

 1 Fauna of British India — Moths,' vols, i and iv, and other 

 works. In describing the imago we have therefore used 

 the same system of numbering the segments as that used in 

 the ' Revision ' — that is, the head, three thoracic segments and 

 the abdominal segments — and we use the same system as that 

 used in the ' Revision ' in describing the venation. This 

 system, and also that used in the 'Fauna of British India,' 

 is shown in fig. 8. 



Descriptions refer to the upperside except where the 

 underside is specifically mentioned, and to both sexes unless 

 the sex is specified. 



