MEGANOTON. 75' 



behind, or may be formed of a quadrate white spot just above 

 the spiracle followed by four or five parallel white lines 

 touched with lilac, or even formed of a few enamel- white 

 spots. Horn bluish-green with the tip green. Legs with basal 

 segments yellowish, other segments dull rose-colour ; prolegs 

 and claspers green with the feet livid- white. Spiracles flush, 

 oval, white with a coarse black edge, lying on a larger oval 

 of bluish -green. Length 80 mm. ; breadth, 13 mm. ; length 

 of head 7 mm. ; horn 14 mm. 



Pupa. —Similar in shape to that of Psilogramma menephrcn,. 

 except for the free tongue -sheath, which is comparatively 

 short and stout ; it commences between the eyes at right 

 angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, then bends sharply 

 to become parallel with that axis ; cylindrical near the base 

 and thickens distally to a bulbous tip opposite venter of 

 segment 2 ; tongue reaches tip of wing-case ; fore leg shorter 

 and mid-leg longer than antenna ; coxal piece long and 

 narrow. Surface shining ; frons and a ring round the head 

 smooth ; tongue-sheath with basal half transversely lined, 

 the bulbous end smooth ; antenna with shallow transverse 

 ridges ; legs smooth, costal vein of wing prominent and beaded : 

 the sculpturing on segment 4 takes the form of a rugose half- 

 disc on each side of dorsal line, separated by a depression : 

 the base extends the whole length of the segment, and the 

 rounded end to about three-quarters of the depth of the 

 segment ; thorax rugose, remaining segments pitted, the 

 pitting being most dense at the front margins of the segments : 

 antespiracular ridges on 9 in the form of seven evenly-spaced 

 ridges. Spiracle of 2 oval, with a rough convex surface, the 

 other spiracles oval and sunken, with a large central slit. 

 Cremaster triangular, very rugose dorsally and ventrally, 

 and ending in a smooth round-topped extremity bearing 

 a pair of short, soft, pale-coloured hairs. Colour dark chestnut, 

 paler on wings, darker on tongue -sheath and cremaster : 

 spiracles dull black. Length 45-60 mm. ; tongue -sheath 

 7-10 mm. 



Habits. — Eggs laid singly on the underside of a leaf of the 

 food-plant Symphorema involucratum Roxb., family Ver- 

 benacese. On hatching, the larva eats the egg-shell and lies 

 on the underside of a leaf when feeding, but usually retires 

 to a secluded twig among thick foliage when resting. It is 

 sluggish, and when at rest raises the fore part of the body 

 from the resting surface, the face parallel with it, the true legs 

 bunched together. When ready to pupate it turns brownish 

 and wanders for some distance from the food-plant. It 

 does not burrow into the earth, but makes a rough cocoon 

 on the surface by binding leaves and rubbish together with 

 silk. The pupa, if disturbed, makes a hissing noise by moving 



