80 SPHINGID^]. 



on the adjoining segment, that on 11 running back to base of 

 horn. Horn green with paler tubercles. True legs pale yellow 

 with the end-segment rust-coloured ; prolegs and claspers 

 green ; tubercles on anal flap and claspers black. Spiracles 

 oval, flush, white with a central black slit, the whole ringed 

 narrowly with green. Some individuals develop irregular 

 patches of lilac or brown above the oblique stripes, and these 

 sometimes extend to the dorsum on some of the segments to 

 the anal flap, claspers and venter. Length up to 90 mm. : 

 horn about 12 mm. 



Pupa. — The shape as figured (PL VIII, fig. 5) ; tongue reach- 

 ing to tip of wing-case ; tongue-sheath free, a cylindrical tube 

 with bulbous end, shaped like the handle of a jug, starting- 

 from the frons in a line at right angles to the axis of the body, 

 then curving backwards in an arc or semicircle, the bulbous 

 end touching the venter of the pupa at the middle of the wing- 

 case, where it often forms a depression in the surface, though 

 remaining free ; antenna shorter than fore leg in both sexes ; 

 coxal piece present. Surface smooth and shining, covered 

 with a bluish plum-like bloom ; eye-crescent black, shining 

 and depressed ; the head and thorax minutely wrinkled ; 

 sculpturing on segment 4 in the form of a subdorsal, flat, 

 oblong weal, slightly raised, black and shining, with a median 

 channel ; ante-spiracular ridges on 9 to 11, four ridges on each. 

 The spiracle of 2 indicated by a raised, black, oval spot, 

 those on the other segments oval and lying on a larger oval 

 depression. Cremaster triangular, flattened dor sally and 

 laterally, the edges of the dorsal surface raised into a ridge, 

 leaving a median channel ; the dorsal surface rugose, the ventral 

 surface shallowly hollow with a. slight median keel and raised 

 edges ; the truncate tip ends in two slighty converging teeth. 

 Colour chestnut under the bluish bloom ; spiracles the same 

 with black central slits ; cremaster black. Length 55 mm. ; 

 tongue -sheath 19 mm. 



Habits. — Eggs laid singly on a number of food-plants, 

 including Olea dioicum Roxb., Jasminum Linn., Ligustrum 

 Linn., and Nyctanthes Arbor -tristis Linn., family Oleacese ; 

 Tectona grandis Linn., Clerodendron infortunatum Linn., Vitex 

 negundo Linn., and Callicarpa arbor ea Roxb., family Verben- 

 acese. The habits of the larva are similar to those of moths of 

 the genus Acherontia ; it is sluggish, resting by day and feeding 

 by night, the resting position being the characteristic sphinx- 

 like attitude of raising the front part of the body from the 

 surface, bowing the head and bunching the fore legs together. 

 When molested it strikes sideways with the head and makes 

 a clicking noise. The larva moults four times. Pupation 

 in a cell underground. Habits of the imago similar to those 

 of the genus Acherontia ; when disturbed raises the front part 



