AMBTLICIN-E. 99 



Antenna never club-shaped, but thinner at base than in 

 and before middle. The segments always compressed and 

 grooved in the $, with long fasciculate cilia, and there are 

 sometimes short pectinations. 



Tibiae usually spinose. No scent-organ on fore coxa. 

 Fore tibia often ends in a thorn. Spurs very long in some 

 forms. The proximal pair of spurs of hind tibia often dis- 

 appears ; the distal pair never disappears. No mid- tarsal 

 comb, as is also the case in the Sphingulini. Pulvillus small 

 or absent. The paronychium preserves the two lobes of each 

 side in most Ambulicin^ ; in some the ventral lobe disappears, 

 also in a few genera both ventral and lateral lobes. 



The fore wing is always more or less falcate in the Indian 

 genera, the outer margin sinuate. The colour of the fore wing- 

 is usually protective, being of various shades of brown, 

 reddish-brown, or clay- colour to grey. The markings generally 

 consist of transverse lines, though some genera have a longi- 

 tudinal stripe (Clanis, Leucophlebia) . The hind wing is some- 

 times brightly coloured (Bhodoprasina, Callambulyx). 



The spines at the edges of the abdominal segments are 

 always weak and elongate ; they are sometimes modified 

 into scales ; on the other hand, the under-scales of the abdo- 

 minal tergites are often spiniform ; the sternites are usually 

 without spines. 



The copulatory armature is complicated, the species often 

 differing very remarkably from one another. 



Egg. — Nearly spherical in Clanis, broadly ovoid in the other 

 genera ; colour usually green, but that of Langia zenzeroides 

 brown. 



Larva. — The shape of the head, and its change of form in 

 different instars, the presence of tubercles on the head and body 

 and their development in different instars, the colouring and 

 pattern of the body and the shape and colour of the spiracles 

 are all characteristic of the subfamily. Only in the genus 

 Parum does the round head of the newly-hatched larva persist 

 to maturity ; in all the other genera it becomes triangular and 

 develops apical processes at the first moult ; these may 

 persist or disappear again in the last instar. The horn is 

 variable and may be straight or down- curved, long or very 

 short (Clanis, Langia) ; in Degmaptera it is flattened laterally, 

 and bifid in all instars. The development of tubercles is very 

 common, especially on the stripes of the body. The head has 

 a white or yellow cheek-stripe (black in Degmaptera) and 

 from the apex of each lobe to the nape a subdorsal stripe which 

 is continued on the body. All the species known have a green 

 form, and some a yellow (Clanis) or reddish (Leucophlebia) 

 form as well, but brown or black forms do not occur ; in some 

 genera (Oxyambulyx, Polyptychic, Marumba, Degmaptera) 



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