100 SPHINGID^E. 



individuals often develop red, purple or yellow patches : 

 there is generally a dorso-lateral stripe and seven oblique 

 stripes. The spiracles are variable in colour, black in Rhodo- 

 prasina callantha. 



Pupa. — Differs from those of the subfamily Achekontiin^:. 

 in the absence of transverse file-markings at the base of the 

 tongue, the tongue never being in a free sheath ; the sculp- 

 turing of segment 4 never round or pear-shaped ; coxal piece 

 generally present. Many species of Marumba and Agnosia 

 have two horn-like projections on the head. Colour chestnut 

 or blackish, the bevels of the movable abdominal segments 

 sometimes paler than the rest of the body ; in Degmaptera- 

 a cream-coloured patch round the eye. 



Habits. — Eggs laid singly, usually on the underside of 

 a leaf. Mell states that Parum colligata oviposits a number 

 of eggs together in small heaps ; the habits of P. porphyria 

 are not known. The habits of the larvae vary a good deal and 

 are described under the genera and species. Pupation takes 

 place in a cell underground. Clanis, Leucophlebia, and 

 Clanidopsis often spend months without feeding in the larval 

 state before pupation, the imago emerging very soon after the 

 pupal state is assumed. Very little is known of the habits of 

 the moths, except those bred in captivity. They usually rest 

 with the wings in one plane, or directed slightly downwards, 

 separated so as to leave the body, or at least the dorsum of the 

 body, visible, the only exceptions being the moths of Leuco- 

 phlebia and Langia, which hold the wings penthouse -wise as in 

 the Acherontiin.e. In many genera the abdomen is bent 

 upwards when resting, especially in the males. Degmaptera 

 rests with the costal lobe of hind wing showing broadly outside 

 costa of fore wing. The size of the moths differs greatly ; 

 those of Langia may have an expanse of 160 mm., while in the 

 males of Degmaptera it may be as little as 40 mm. The strong- 

 tongued species visit flowers, but the bulk of the subfamily 

 do not feed. 



Cosmopolitan ; nineteen Indian genera. 



Key to the Genera. 



(In the keys to larvae and pupae we are able to include only 

 some of the genera) . 



Imagines. 



1. Mid-tibia with spines, at least at end .... 2. 

 Mid- tibia without spines 8. 



2. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs ; with 



frenulum 3. 



Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs ; with- 

 out frenulum 7. 



Hind tibia with one pair of spurs o. 



