144 SPHINGID^E. 



Hah. E. Himalayas (Sikkim), S. India, Ceylon and the 

 Andaman Islands. We have bred it in S. India, where it is 

 very common in both open and forest-clad country. 



Egg. — Broadly ovoid ; surface smooth and shining ; colour 

 pale grass-green. Length 2-3 mm. ; breadth 1-8 mm. 



Larva : — 



1st instar. Head large and round ; body cylindrical, horn of 

 medium length ; surface covered with small tubercles, each 

 bearing a clump of about five minute bifurcate hairs ; 

 main hairs also present ; horn covered with small tubercles, 

 each bearing a forked hair ; a prominent tubercle on anal 

 flap behind base of horn. Colour pale yellow on emerging 

 from the egg, after feeding bright green with the tubercles 

 yellow, head with a yellow stripe from apex of each lobe 

 to base of antenna, separating face from cheek, and from 

 apex of each lobe to nape ; a narrow yellow stripe from 

 vertex to apex of clypeus on each side of the dorsal line ; 

 body with a narrow yellow subdorsal and subspiracular stripe 

 on segments 2 to 4, the latter meeting the lower end of oblique 

 stripe on 5 ; seven narrow, yellow, oblique stripes on 5 to 11, 

 extending backwards to near dorsal line of body. 2nd instar. 

 Head triangular, a short process rising from apex of each lobe, 

 the two processes closely appressed ; horn of medium length, 

 bifid ; the branched hairs on the tubercles less prominent ; 

 colour of the head and body brighter ; head-processes red- 

 brown, the markings of body the same as before, horn red- 

 brown with the sides yellowish near base and a yellowish- 

 green band before tip. 3rd instar. Little change ; horn 

 shorter in proportion, basal half brown, extreme tip black 

 and the rest whitish. 4th instar. Stripes on head and body 

 set with tubercles, the subspiracular stripe on segments 2 to 4 

 and the oblique stripes on 5 and 11 with larger tubercles than 

 the rest ; horn shorter than in 3rd instar 



5th instar. Head very large and deep, broadly semi- 

 elliptical in shape, each process represented by four small 

 tubercles ; true clypeus one -third length of head, the basal 

 angles rounded and tumid ; false clypeus just visible ; labrum 

 over half length of and broader than clypeus ; ligula kidney- 

 shaped, the sinus rather narrow ; eyes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 nearly 

 in a line, 1, 2 and 3 about two eye-diameters apart, 4 more 

 than two diameters from 3, 6 twice as far from 4 as 4 is from 3 ; 

 ■5 level with 4 and as far from 4 as 4 is from 3 ; 3 slightly 

 larger than the rest. Surface of head moderately shining, 

 covered with minute tubercles ; a line of larger tubercles 

 from apex of each lobe to base of antenna ; large, scattered 

 tubercles on clypeus among the smaller tubercles. Body 

 thick and nearly cylindrical. Horn reduced to a conical 

 tubercle 1 mm. long. Surface of body dull ; a transverse 



