CLANIS. 153 



Pupa. — Large and slender ; length from front of pupa to 

 end of wing-cases more than rest of pupa ; frons broadly 

 visible from below ; antenna shorter than fore leg ; often 

 a distinct coxal piece. Surface shining ; frons shallowly 

 rugose -corrugate, base of tongue minutely transverse- corru- 

 gate ; costa and veins of wing obscurely beaded ; segment 4 

 pitted ; strong antespiracular ridges on 9 to 11 ; a very 

 small spiracle visible on 5. Cremaster wedge-shaped, up- 

 turned, the lower edge of base touching clasper-scars on 14 ; 

 its surface very rugose and corrugate, excepting the narrow 

 longitudinal ridge at the end, which is smooth and shining. 

 Colour bright chestnut, bevels of movable segments paler, 

 spiracles and cremaster black. Length 57 mm. ; breadth 

 22 mm. 



Habits. — Food-plants : Pongamia glabra Vent., Millettia 

 atropurpurea Benth. and Pterocarpiis marsupium Roxb., 

 in India ; Mucuna Adans. and Pueraria DC. in China, all of 

 the family Leguminosse. The full-fed larva3 are usually found 

 at the ends of branches from 10 to 20 feet from the ground ; 

 in the resting position the front part of the body is raised 

 from the surface, the head bowed and the true legs bunched 

 together — the characteristic position for the whole genus. 

 We once succeeded in getting a pair of moths to mate in 

 captivity. 



34. Clanis titan titan Roths. & Jord. (Fig. 28 G-J, genitalia ; 

 PI. II, fig. 11, pupa, fig. 12, larva). 



Clanis titan, Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 218 (Khasi Hills, £ ; Sikkim. 



$) ; Manson, 1921, p. 746. 

 Clanis titan titan, Seitz, 1928, p. 537, t. 66 c. 

 Ambulyx phalaris, Hampson, 1892, p. 79 (non Cram.). 

 Clanis gigantea, Rothschild, 1894 A, p. 96 (2, not $ ; Sikkim). 



Imago. — ^$. Mid- and hind tibia? white above (in phalaris 

 the mid-tibia not white), the latter as long as ($), or ($) 1 mm. 

 longer than, first tarsal segment , short spurs barely one-third 

 of the long ones, little longer than the tibia is broad. Scaling 

 of antenna pale pink ; frons and end of palpus very little darker 

 than sides of occiput. Fore wing : distal margin about 1 mm. 

 shorter than internal one in ^ 7 mm. in $ ; chestnut, paler 

 and somewhat pinkish toAvards base, a large vinaceous-cinna- 

 mon patch expanded between costal margin and R 3 , extended 

 to distal margin between SC 5 and R 1 , not between SC 5 and R 2 

 as in phalaris ; the transverse lines not dentate ; a broad 

 subbasal line about 5 mm. from base of M 2 , distinct, another 

 almost parallel with it a little distal of M 2 , indistinct, some 

 traces of lines between this and internal angle ; within the 

 pale area a large brown patch or cloud, representing two lines, 

 situated upon the subcostal fork ; another line between this 



