172 SPHINGID^. 



habit of eating nothing but the egg-shell has been noticed 

 also in the larvae of P. trilineatus and a few other larvae 

 which exchange a round head for a triangular head at the 

 first moult. In later instars the larva eats the end-half of the 

 leaves only, and its presence may be detected by looking out 

 for leaves cut sharply across the middle. The larvae are very 

 subject to attack by parasites, chiefly Diptera. The dorsal 

 area turns brown before pupation, which takes place in a cell 

 underground. As in the case of some species of the genus Clanis 

 the larva may lie quiescent for six months or more before 

 pupating, the moth then emerging soon after pupation has taken 

 place. The moth rests with the wings held horizontal and not 

 touching the abdomen, which is held strongly up -curved in the 

 J, straight in the $. The moths do not come to light or flowers, 

 and bred $ ^ do not attract wild $$ readily. 



Genus MARUMBA Moore. (Fig. 35). 



Moore, 1882, p. 8; Roths. & Joid., 1903, p. 266 ; id., 1907, p. 54; 

 Jordan, 1911, p. 240. 



Genotype : dyras (Walk.). 



Imago. — " The pattern of the wings is very uniform, varying 

 only in details in the different species. Fore wing : a sub- 

 basal and three or four antemedian lines, the latter more or 

 less convergent behind ; a discal line at (seldom) or beyond 

 end of cell, immediately followed by one or two feeble lines ; 

 three postdiscal lines, more or less strongly —-shaped on 

 right wing (^-shaped on left wing), curving round a double 

 spot situated upon M 2 and SM 2 near angle of wing, one of 

 these three lines mostly vestigial. Hind wing with double 

 spot before anal angle as remnant of a post-discal band. 



"' On the underside we find no lines in the proximal half of 

 the fore wing, while the hind wing bears three lines between 

 the base of M 2 and distal margin, the most proximal one being 

 as a rule accompanied distally by vestiges of one or two more 

 lines, of which one is often rather indistinct. This similarity 

 in pattern misled Hampson to unite under M. dyras no less 

 than five distinct species " (Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 268). 



" c£$. Tongue very short and weak, the two halves quite 

 separate in several species. Pilifer a short, obtuse, triangular 

 process. Palpus larger in $ than in 9, visible from above in q , 

 second segment about twice as long as broad, joint more or 

 less open, at least, in <$. Antennal segments deeply grooved 

 in rj, rather feebly in 2, cilia much longer in $ than in 2, 

 last segment short, penultimate one higher than long. Abdo- 

 minal tergites without broad scales, densely spinose all over. 

 Tibiae spiTiose, hind tibia as long as, or longer than, the first 



