236 sphingid^:. 



Tenth abdominal tergite (fig. 62 B) narrowed to a point, 

 slender ; sternite triangular. Clasper large, triangular, with 

 a basal mesial fold which bears heavy stiff bristles ; harpe 

 (fig. 62 C) armed with spines at the edge. Penis-sheath 

 (fig. 62 D) with a longitudinal fold at end on each side, there- 

 fore appearing dilated in a ventral or dorsal view. 



Hab. E. Himalayas (Jaintia Hills, Assam). Early stages 

 and 9 not known ; one £ in British Museum. 



B.— SPHINGIDJE SEMANOPHOR^E. 



Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 347. 



Imago. — <£$. The inner surface, near base, of first segment 

 of palpus without scales ; covered with short sensory hairs, or 

 these hairs, which are seldom vestigial, restricted to a patch. 



The number of species is about twice as large as in the 

 Sphingid^e Asemanophor^:. Specialization by reduction or 

 loss is far less frequent in this division than among the 

 AchePvONTiin^: and Ambulicin^, while the modification of 

 organs in functionally higher structures is very often met with, 

 the prevailing tendency in the Semanophobje being progressive 

 development in contradistinction to the Asemanophor^, 

 where retrogression is the prevalent feature. 



Tongue never excessively long nor very much reduced, 

 always reaching the middle of the abdomen and remaining 

 functional. Pilifer always prominent, peculiarly modified in 

 the Chgerocampin^e ; the bristles never become weak and flat 

 or change into scales. Palpus varies much in size and pro- 

 portionate length of first and second segments. Remarkable 

 modifications of the palpus occur in the Chcerocamphst^e. 

 Antenna very variable, filiform or setiform in many species, 

 without the indication of a club ; in others moderately or 

 excessively clubbed. The distal part may be abruptly 

 recurved or scarcely curved at all. End-segment more often 

 long than short. Eye lashed or not, varying much in size. 

 Abdomen alwaj^s with spines ; first tergite and sternite of 

 second segment often closely appressed to metathorax 

 (Macroglossum) . The broad expansible fan-tail and, in the 9, 

 the broadly trapeziform seventh sternite, which is often 

 spinose at the edge, are characters confined (except for $3 

 of Cypa, Smerinthulus and Degmaptera) to members of this 

 division. The friction-scales of clasper are, as in the Asemano- 

 PHORiE, often absent, but if they occur they are erect or half- 

 erect, never forming a smooth patch as in Acherontiinje 

 and Ambulicin^:. 



Tibiae rarely spinose ; proximal pair of spurs of hind 

 tibia present in all Indian species ; anterior tibia occasionally 



