248 SPHINGID^]. 



part of tergite reduced to a piece of chitin, visible in a ventral 

 or a left-hand view ; sternite without process, represented 

 by a low rounded ridge. Right clasper large, broadly sole- 

 shaped, ventral edge rounded or angulate in middle ; left 

 clasper reduced, broadly sinuate apically, dorsal lobe broad, 

 not dilated at end, ventral lobe short and broad, both lobes 

 clothed at and near the edge with short spines and longer 

 bristles, no long bristles on inner surface. Penis-funnel 

 rather small, with long bristles (fig. 64 C). 



Rah. Throughout India, Burma and Ceylon, eastwards 

 to China and Japan. We have bred it in many localities in 

 India. It is found in both hills and plains in all types of 

 country, always common, and in some seasons so numerous 

 as to become a pest by defoliating Rubiaceous trees and shrubs. 



Egg. — Surface without any sign of pitting, even under the 

 microscope. 



Larva : — 



1st instar. Head round ; body cylindrical ; horn long, 

 straight, bluntly bifid. Head covered with hairs 0-15 mm. 

 long, shortly bifid, the branches 0-01 mm. long ; body covered 

 with bifid hairs, stem and branches both 0-05 mm. ; horn 

 shining and covered densely with bifid hairs. Head and body 

 yellow ; horn black. 2nd instar. Similar to 1st instar but 

 segment 2 yellow, rest of body green with black, transverse 

 lines, or smoky-black. 3rd instar. Head and a saddle-shaped 

 marking on segment 2 orange, rest of body as above or oily- 

 looking black. Uh instar. Segment 2 of greater diameter than 

 head or segment 3, the saddle-shaped collar raised above the 

 surface of the segment ; horn very long, straight, sharply 

 pointed. Surface of head, saddle-mark, horn, anal flap and 

 claspers tuberculate ; the hairs of the 1st instar still present 

 but proportionally much shorter. Head dark green, seg- 

 ment 2 green, the collar darker green with yellow tubercles ; 

 the remaining segments yellow ; a broad, dark brown dorsal 

 stripe, a white dorso-lateral stripe, and a black pear-shaped 

 spot below it on 3 to 12 ; a narrow, black band along the 

 margins of these segments, and an oval lateral black spot 

 on 12 ; horn black ; legs and prolegs dark red ; anal flap and 

 claspers dark green with paler tubercles ; spiracles dark yellow. 



In the dark- coloured form the head, anal flap and 

 claspers greenish-ochreous ; saddle-mark the same, with 

 yellow tubercles; body oily-looking black; a broad, velvet - 

 black dorso-lateral stripe. 



5th instar. Head round ; true clypeus less than half length 

 of head, apex acute, sides slightly concave ; false clypeus with 

 apex broadly rounded, sides angled slightly outwards ; labrum 

 half length of clypeus and as broad as clypeus, narrowing 

 slightly frontad, sides convex ; ligula slightly longer than 



