SATASPES. 251 



Hob. W. Himalayas (Mussooree) ; S. India and Ceylon, 

 eastwards to the Marshall Islands. We have seen bred 

 specimens from Mussooree. As common as hylas, and also 

 defoliates Rubiaceous trees and shrubs in some seasons. 

 May be found in all types of country. 



Egg. — Surface with minute pitting visible under the micro- 

 scope. 



Larva. — Closely resembles that of h. hylas in all instars, 

 but slight differences in the final instar. 



Final instar. Head somewhat square in shape, clypeus one- 

 half length of head, apex rounded, basal angles broadly 

 rounded ; false clypeus with apex acute ; labrum one-third 

 length of clypeus, base as broad as clypeus, narrowing frontad ; 

 ligula longer than labrum, as broad as front margin of labrum ; 

 eyes 1 to 4 in a sharp curve, one eye -diameter apart, 6 in line 

 with 3 and 4, two diameters from 4 ; 5 two diameters from 6 

 and rather less from 4 ; all equal in size. Shape of bod}^ 

 and surface and colour of head and body as in H. hylas. 

 Spiracles white, with no orange band. Length 60 mm. 

 breadth 8 mm. ; horn 8-5 mm. 



Pupa. — Closely resembles that of h. hylas, but the ante- 

 spiracular ridges are less strongly developed than in h. hylas. 

 Length 35 mm. ; breadth 10 mm. 



Habits. — See under Cejihonodes. 



Genus SATASPES Moore. (Fig. 65). 



Moore, 1857, p. 261 ; Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 471 ; id., 1907, p. 88; 

 Jordan, 1911, p. 249. 



Genotype : infernalis (Westw.). 



Imago. — <^P. Closely resemble in appearance carpenter-bees 

 of the genus Xylocopa. Upperside of wings purple or green 

 with metallic gloss, or drab grey ; thorax and abdomen more 

 or less yellow. " Closely allied to Hsemorrhagia : differs 

 especially in the following points : — 



"Antenna shorter, not clubbed in <£, more strongly com- 

 pressed, deeply grooved ; in 2 slightly clubbed ; end- segment 

 distinctly widened at base ; penultimate segment of the same 

 shape as in the preceding one. Spines of abdomen as in 

 Hs&morrhagia, except that those of the proximal rows are all 

 longer than broad. Spurs shorter, those of mid-tibia less 

 unequal. Cell of hind Aving more than twice as long as broad. 



"" <£. Tenth tergite divided into two diverging processes ; 

 sternite vestigial, without lobe. Gasper reduced and dis- 

 torted ; dorsal margin dilated into a broad plate, which lies 

 upon the inner surface of the clasper, and is continuous with 

 a dorso-apical process into which the clasper is produced; 

 a ventral process represents the distal part of the large harpe; 



