330 SPHINGID^. 



body, the mouth-parts pointing frontad. The larvae are 

 sluggish and move in a jerky manner. In the later instars 

 they keep close to the ground, and when disturbed drop to 

 the ground and lie rigid. They feed mostly by night, and are 

 very impatient of direct sunlight. Pupation takes place in 

 a fairly compact cocoon either on the surface or among 

 withered leaves of the food-plant, the cremastal hooks being 

 entangled in a pad of silk. Bred specimens often make their 

 cocoons in the upper corners of their cage. In the resting 

 position the wings of the moth are held slightly above the 

 horizontal, the fore wing covering the hind wing except for 

 the prominent lobes on each side of the excision of the costa 

 of the latter, which just appear ; the head is bowed down, the 

 thorax sharply raised, the tip of the abdomen bent sharply 

 upwards. This attitude, together with the mottled colouring, 

 makes the moth closely resemble a withered leaf. The moths 

 have a swift and jerky flight ; they may be seen feeding in 

 the morning and evening, and do not appear to be attracted 

 by light. The sexes mate readily in captivity. There are 

 several broods in the year. 



Hab. W. and E. Himalayas and S. India to China, Japan, 

 Java and the Philippines. Four Indian species and sub- 

 species. 



Key to the Species. 



Imagines. 



1. Hind wing upperside with black border of [p. 331. 



even width G.h. hyas (Walk.), 



Hind wing upperside with black border 

 narrowing behind 2. [p. 338. 



2. Lobes of costa of hind wing of equal width 67. montana Jord., 

 Lobes unequal, basal lobe wider than apical 



lobe 3. 



3. Border of hind wing sharply defined on [p. 336. 



inner side G.h. himachala (Butl.), 



Border not sharply defined on inner side, [p. 334. 



diffused on to disc G. masuriensis (Butl.), 



Larvae. 



1 . Horn short or of medium length 2. 



Horn very long and thin, thickening basad 



and apicad, tip strongly bifid, each point 



again dividing into two ; hairs on horn [p. 336. 



very long G.h. himachala (Butl), 



2. Horn with pale ring beyond middle, tip 



bifid ; subdorsal stripe continued on to 



segment 13 and then enclosing a rust- [p. 338. 



brown dorsal patch G. montana Jord., 



Horn without pale ring, not bifid, bearing 

 black tubercles with short hairs 3. 



3. Horn dark brown, very thick at base ; sub- 



dorsal stripe not continued on to segment [p. 332. 



13 G.h. hyas (Walk.), 



