410 SPHINGOID JE. 



broadly sole-shaped, with a dozen or more friction-scales ; 

 harpe (fig. 104 B) ending in a more or less spatulate process, 

 which is concave on the upperside and is slightly curved 

 upwards. Penis-sheath (fig. 104 C) without apical process, 

 but with a subapical oblique dentate ridge " (Roths. & Jord., 

 1903, p. 734). 



Egg. — Nearly spherical, surface smooth and shining, colour 

 bright green. 



Larva. — Head small and round. Segment 2 of about the 

 same diameter as the head, 5 swollen, body tapering sharply 

 from 5 to 3 ; rest of body nearly cylindrical ; horn short, 

 down- curved, or vestigial (short but well developed in the 

 Indian subspecies). Colour black or green, with large ocelli 

 on 5 and 6. 



Pupa. — Tongue keeled in basal fifth, head broadly rounded. 

 Surface dull, slightly shagreened ; a belt of small spines 

 on the anterior edge of the front bevels of segments 9 to 11, 

 except on underside. Cremaster triangular, ending in a thin 

 polished shaft of which the tip is minutely bifid or simply 

 pointed ; dorsal surface rugose, ventral surface with a median 

 keel and a deep channel on each side of it. Colour soiled 

 white and pale orange, with darker markings. 



Habits. — Food-plants belong to the families Rubiaceae, 

 Onagraceae, Geraniacese, Ampelideae and Aroideae. Pupation 

 in a rough cocoon on the surface. 



Hah. Palaearctic Region ; China ; India. Two Indian 

 subspecies. The subspecies P. elpenor elpenor, which does not 

 occur in India, is the Elephant Hawk-Moth of England. 



Key to the Subspecies. 



^Wines. [( But].), p. 411. 



Marginal area of hind wing bright rosy red . . P. elpenor macromera 

 Marginal area of hind wing red shaded with [(Boisd.), p. 410. 



cinnamon P. elpenor rivularis 



The larvae and pupae resemble each other so closely that 

 a key cannot be constructed. 



149 a. Pergesa elpenor rivularis (Boisd.). 



Cheerocampa rivularis, Boisduval, 1875, p. 280 (Simla ; Darji- 



ling). 

 Pergesa rivularis, Roths. & Jord., 1903, p. 738 ; Jordan, 1912, 



p. 257, t. 42 a ; Seitz, 1929, p. 563. 

 Chserocampa fraterna, Butler, 1875, p. 247 (Simla; N. India); 



id., 1881 B, p. 7, pi. lxxix, fig. 4. 

 Deilephila elpenor (Linn.), Butler, 1881 A, p. 613 (Kurrachi). 

 Chserocampa elpenor (Linn.), Swinhoe, 1884, p. 514 (Kurachi). 



Imago. — <£$. Like P. e. macromera, but the rosy -red parts 



