APPENDIX A. 505 



Rubiacese ; Combretacese ; Lythracese ; Sapotaceae ; Apocy- 

 nacese ; Bignoniacese and Verbenacese (teak, the most valuable 

 timber tree of all). The lower story is made up of Bixinea? 

 (Hydnocarpus Gaertn., from the fruits of which is extracted 

 Chalmogra oil, a supposed cure for leprosy) ; Flacourtia 

 (Comm.) L'Herit. ; many Malvacea?, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and 

 Meliacese (Heynea Roxb. ; Walsura Roxb. ; Lansium Rumph.) ; 

 Olacineae ; Celastraceee ; Rhamnaceae ; Leguminosae ; a number 

 of Rubiacese ; Oleaceae ; Verbenacea3 ; the thorny, apocynaceous 

 Carissa Linn, and numerous bamboos. Herbaceous growth is 

 chiefly acanthaceous, and there are numerous vines, Leea Linn. 

 (Ampelidea3) that are practically herbs ; many arums and 

 Scitaminese (Curcuma, Zinziber) ; Vernonia Schreb. of many 

 species ; Blumea DC, also of many kinds ; Elephantopushmn. ; 

 Ageratum Linn. ; Emilia Cass, and various Senecio Linn. (Com- 

 posite) ; a large number of Asclepiadacese, twining " shrubs," 

 very thin and nearly herbaceous. There are many stout, 

 woody Convolvulaceae of the genera Ipomsea Linn., Argyreia 

 Lour., and a large climber, Erycibe paniculata Roxb., is 

 very common. There are many Solanum Linn. (Solanacese). 

 Various species of Strobilanthes Blume form extensive thickets 

 of close, stiff undergrowth, often reaching 20 feet high. There 

 are balsams (Geraniacese), a number of small Euphorbiaceae 

 and, of course, many kinds of sedges and grasses. 



The Deccan type of vegetation is characterized by the 

 following deciduous trees, very few of which reach 60 feet in 

 height : — Many Capparidese (capers) ; Flacourtia ramoutchi 

 L'Herit. (Bixinese) ; Balanites roxburghii Delile (Simarubese) ; 

 Boswellia serrata Roxb. and Garuga pinnata Roxb. (Burser- 

 acese) ; Melia azadirachta Linn., Soymida febrifuga Adr. Juss. 

 and Chloroxylon swietenia DC, the satin wood (Meliacese) ; Gym- 

 nosporia montana Roxb. (Celastracese) ; Buchanania latifolia 

 Roxb. and Semecarpus anacardium Linn., the marking-nut tree 

 (Anacardiacese) ; Erythrina suberosa Roxb., the Indian coral 

 tree; Butea frondosa Roxb., known as the "Flame of the 

 Forest" ; Dalbergia paniculata Roxb., often with wood and 

 bark in alternate layers ; Pongamia glabra Vent., the Indian 

 beech, along nallas and streams ; Hardwickia binata Roxb., 

 rather a local species ; Bauhinia racemosa Lamk., the rounded, 

 two-divided leaves of which are used for the manufacture of 

 native "bidis" or cigarettes; many Acacise: arabica Willd., 

 leucophloea Willd., suma Kurz, sundra DC, latronum Willd., 

 etc. ; Albizzia amara Boiv. (all Leguminosse) . Lagerstroemia 

 parviflora Roxb. (Lythracese) ; Casearia tomentosa Roxb. 

 (Samydaceae) ; Alangium lamarclii Thw. (Cornaceae) ; some 

 Rubiaceaa, such as Gardenia Linn, of several species and 

 Morinda tinctoria Roxb. ; Bassia latifolia Roxb., the 

 Mohwa from which liquor is brewed, and Mimusops hexandra 



