50 NON-MARINE FOSSIL MOLLUSCA. 



Among the non-marine mollusca which have been discovered in the 

 Coal-Measure strata of Canada and the United States are four species 

 which belong to the Pupidae. ' Dr. Dawson was the first to recognize 

 the pulmonate character of these niollusks, and he described the first- 

 discovered species under the name of Pupa retusta, the type specimens 

 of which he obtained from the Coal Measure strata at South Joggins, 

 Nova Scotia.* Copies of his figures of this species are given on 

 Plate 2. 



Professor Bradley described P. vermillioriensis] from the Coal-Measures 

 of Indiana, and subsequently Dr. Dawson described a second spe- 

 cies under the name of P. bigsbuii from the same strata and same locality 

 in Nova Scotia that had furnished examples of P. vetusta. Both 

 these species are represented by copies of Dr. Dawson's figures on 

 Plate 2. 



Within the present year (1881) Professor Whitfield has described a 

 fourth Pupa-like form from the Coal-Measure strata near Marietta, Ohio, 

 for which he proposed the new generic name of A ntliracopupa, describ- 

 ing the species under the name of A. ohiqensis.§ Copies of Professor 

 Whitfield's figures are given on Plate 2. 



Whether the species described as Pupa by Dawson and Bradley strictly 

 belong to the typical forms of that genius, as it is represented by living 

 species, or not, there seems to be no room for reasonable doubt that all four 

 of the Carboniferous forms that have just been noticed belong to the 

 family Pupidse. This being the case, it cannot be doubted that the family 

 was well represented during all subsequent epochs ; and yet no other fossil 

 species besides these have been discovered in North American strata, 

 except those which have been found in the fresh-water Eocene deposits 

 of Southern Wyoming. 



One of these Eocene species was described by Mr. Meek, from the 

 Bridger Group, in Southern Wyoming, under the name Pupa .? leidyi.\\ 

 The type specimen of this species seems to have been lost, and there- 

 fore no figure of it can be given. It evidently differed considerably 

 from the typical forms of Pupa, and Mr. Meek was in doubt whether it 

 might not with propriety be referred to Holospira Albers. 



The remaining three species of the Pupidse to be noticed in this article 

 were all obtained from the Green Eiver Eocene Group at one locality, 

 in Southern Wyoming. They have been published under the following 

 names, respectively : Pupa incolata, P.arenula, and P. atavuncula White. 1 ]] 



The first-named species seems to belong to the subgenus Leucocheila 



'Acadian Geology, 1855, p. 160 ; Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xx (3), \>. 405. 

 t Am. Jour. Sci., vol. iv (3), p. 87. 

 t Am. Jour. Sci., vol.xx (3), p. 410. 



§ For generic diagnosis and specific description see Am. Jour. Sci. vol. xx (3), p. 126. 

 || An. Rep. U. S. Oeol. Sur. Terr., for 1872, p. 517. 



II For descriptions and figures of these three species, see An. Rep. U. S. Geol. Sur. 

 Teir., for 1878, Part I, pp. 46, 47, pi. 19, figs. 7, 8, and 9. 



