GERMANIC REGION. 89 
1. GERMANIC REGION. 
The whole of Northern Europe and Asia bounded by the 
Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, and Altai, constitutes 
but one province, with a fauna by no means proporiioned in 
richness to its extent. * 
The land-snails amount to more than 200, but nearly all (or 
at least five-sixths) are common to the Lusitanian region.t+ 
RCN ees ccsccecsescessss OO Bupaicerccnscmcneeesenes 44 Cyclostoma .........006 1 
Bulimulus ...........0008 10 @lausilial) jctsccesneses 52 ACICULA cesessesecteeces 1 
aU Racesceesessesece Sane WATLING se eenessecener aes 5 TUM aK eieewsateeece caine 9 
PAE CH. sc iccescsaceass 5 SUCCINEH s...crenc+-rar parts) ATOM seaeeeseneesttaes . 4 
CiONEllA....ccrcesevees Baleaciitiscccesscscssnss 1 Carychiuniy eeresteteee 1 
The fresh-water shells belong to these genera and sub 
genera :— 
WAMIN ERs ac cecccecvccesee 20 VEMEHA Ti iicecotecssccese 1 Unio, sp. and vars. ... 20 
Amphipeplea ......... 2 Neritina, vars. ......... 3 Anodon, Vars. ....066+ 20 
PHYS ses csesnvewesveces 5 Paludina and Bithynia 23 Alasmodon  ........060 3 
PADIOKE) piesescssestececsess 1 \RIIMENIES Scbacasoocanacasoc 5 Cyclas: cites seen 6 
IPIANIOLDIS! ccasccsceceeess 16 Conovulus (Alexia)... 3 Pisidiumae eee ee eeesee 11 
UITCUIUS sas scedencarsrsse 7 DYTIESSCNA)/..c.cvcseses 1 
According to Reeve, there are 199 British molluscs, of whica 
176 dwell on the land and 23 in the water. Of the species for- 
merly thought peculiar, Pupa anglica and Helix fusca have been 
found in France, and Helix lamellata in Holstein. Helix excavata 
(Bean) is still unknown upon the Continent; and Geowalacus 
maculosus and Limneea involuta have only been met with in 
the south-west of Ireland, but are possibly Lusitanian species. 
Dreisena polymorpha has been permanently naturalised in canals 
(p. 424), and Testacella Mauget and haliotidea in gardens; Bu- 
limus decollatus and G'oodalli have been often established in 
greenhouses. Some species are now yery scarce in England 
that were formerly abundant, as :— 
Clausilia plicatula. Vertigo Venetzii. Succinea oblonga. 
Vertigo minutissima. Helix lamellata Acicula fusca. 
Others, which occur in the newer tertiary deposits, haye 
become quite extinct in England, such as :— 
* The mean temperature of the winter and summer months averages 36°—57°; in 
Western Europe autumn rains prevail, and summer rains in Eastern Europe and 
Siberia. 
t It was the opinion of Professor E. Forbes that ali the species of the Post-pliocene 
tand of Northern Enrope and Asia had originated beyond the bounds of that region. 
