92 MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. 
Syria, having become extinct in the intervening countries. Two 
species of Lithoglyphus inhabit the Danube; Cyrena (Corbicula) 
Panormitana is found in Sicily, two others in the Euphrates, 
and C. consobrina in the Alexandrian Canal, 
The Lusitanian province includes numerous minor regions, 
the islands and mountain tracts especially being centres or foct 
where a number of peculiar species are associated with those 
living around. Thus, of species not as yet recorded from other 
localities, Switzerland has 28, the Austrian Alps 46, Carpa- 
thians 28, North Italy and Dalmatia 100, Roumelia 20, Greeee 
and its Archipelago 90, Anatolia 50, Caucasia 20, Syria 30, 
Lower Egypt and Algeria 60, Spain 26, and Portugal 16 
Helicide and 9 Limacide. 
Mediterranean Islands. 
Corfu, Cyprus, Rhodes, Syra, Candia, and Crete, have each a 
few peculiar land-snails, amounting to 40 species altogether. 
Balearic Isles —Helix Graellsiana, hispanica (var. balerica), 
nyellii, minoricensis; and Cyclostoma ferrugineum, common to 
Spain and Algeria. 
Corsica.—Helix Raspaili, tristis, Clausilia 4 sp. 
Sardinia.—Helix Sardiensis, meda, tenui-costata, Pupa 2, 
Clausilia 1. 
Malta has 2 peculiar species of Helix, anda Clausilia (scalaris). 
Sicily has 40 peculiar species of Helices and 3 Limaces. This 
island is connected with North Africa by a winding shoal with 
deep water on each side. 
Madeira Group. 
These ancient volcanic islands, 660 miles south-west of -Por- 
tugal, consist of Madeira, with Fora and three other islets called 
Dezertas, and Porto Santo, 26 miles to the north-east, with the 
rocky islets Ferro, Baxo, and Cima.* The land-snails have 
been described by the Rev. R. T. Lowe,t+ and form the sub- 
ject of a monograph by Dr. Albers.{ The investigations of 
Mr. Vernon Wollaston have nearly doubled the number of 
known species, which now amount to 134. The Vitrine belong 
* These islands, and also the Canaries and Azores, contain marine formations 
(voleanie grits and tufas) with Miocene Tertiary shells. The islet of Baxo is quarried 
for lime. 
+ Primitie et novitie Faune et Flore Madere et Portus Sancti. 12mo. Lond., 1881. 
Descriptive list of all the species, by same author, Zool. Proc. for 1854, p. 161. The 
statements and numbers given above are taken from this last monograph, corrected by 
Mr, Wollaston. 
¢ Malacographia Maderensis, 4to, Berlin, 1854, with figures of all the species. 
