LUSITANIAN REGION. 93 
to the section Helico-limax, the Cyclostomas to the sub-genus 
Craspedopoma, and half the Pupas to Vertigo. 
ATION sc:-2s0cceees Pe ESULIIUS ecssesse 2) CONC Ay es.0. sone) 2 yooh fe) cence e 1 
GUNA iecsesececes 4 Glandina........ by 4) Pupaiiees sacctesseccss 23 Ancylus .......... co a 
—Testacella ........ SPACE Cn cee esc ecse 8) BACAR. ccesssccuee . | Conovulus ........ 3 
VULTING) .c.ces+5.<. 3 Tornatellina..... 1 Clausilia ......... 3 Pedipes (afra.)... 1 
US IGLTO ec space eperbonee ORAZAUAM feces eco 222208 2 Cyclostoma...... 2 
Of the 92 found in Madeira or the Dezertas, 70 are peculiar ; 
54, of which 389 are peculiar, inhabit Porto Santo and its islets ; 
11 others, of which 4 are widely diffused, are common to Madeira 
and Porto Santo. One species is peculiar to the Dezerta Grande; 
1 species and 1 variety to the southern Dezerta (Bugio); 1 to 
the northern (Cho); 1 variety to Ferro. Seven species are 
common to the Dezertas; 1 to the great and northern Dezertas; 
5 to Madeira and Dezerta Grande; and 3 to Madeira, Porto 
Santo, and the Dezertas. Of those species which inhabit more 
than one island, the specimens from each locality are recog- 
nisable as distinct races or geographichal varieties. Helix sub- 
plicata and papilio are found on the Ilheo Baxo; H. turricula on 
Cima. Of the total number (134) 112 species are peculiar to the 
Madeira group; 5 are common to the Canaries; 4 to the Azores, 
and one to the Guinea coast; 11 are common to Southern Europe, 
besides 2 Limneids and 7 slugs, which may have been recently 
introduced, viz. :— 
Arion empiricorum. Helix cellaria. Zua lubrica, var. 
Limax variegatus. »  crystallina. » folliculus. 
»»  antiquorum, 3  pisana. Bulimus decollatus. 
» agrestis. »  pulchella, 3 ventrosus, Fer, 
»  gagates. » lenticula. Balea perversa (p. 293). 
Testacella Maugei. (,, lapicida, fossil). Limnza truncatula. 
He haliotidea. Cionella acicula. Ancylus fluviatilis. 
Great quantities of dead shells of the land-snails are found in 
ancient sand-dunes near Canical, at the eastern extremity of 
Madeira, and in Porto Santo, including 64 of the living species 
and 13 which have not been.found alive. As the fossil examples 
of seyeral species are larger than their living descendants, it 
is possible that some of those reputed to be extinct have only 
degenerated. It is a remarkable fact that some of the com- 
monest living species are not found fossil, whilst others, now 
extremely scarce, occur abundantly as fossils.* 
* Fleliz tiarella, W. and B., was supposed to be extinct, but in 1855 Mr. Wollaston 
detected it alive in two almost inaccessible spots on the north coast of Madeira: it is 
not a native of the Canaries. 
